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arXiv:cond-mat/0611022 · Annals of Physics

Resonantly paired fermionic superfluids

V. Gurarie, L. Radzihovsky

Published Dec 15, 2006• 405 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.aop.2006.10.009

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Systems showing resonant superfluidity, driven by an exchange coupling of strength g between uncorrelated pairs of itinerant fermions and tightly bound ones, undergo a first-order phase transition as g increases beyond some critical value gc. The superfluid phase for g<or=gc is characterized by a gap in the fermionic single-particle spectrum and an acoustic sound-wave-like collective mode of the bosonic resonating fermion pairs inside this gap. For g>gc this state gives way to a phase-uncorrelated bosonic liquid with a q2 spectrum.
The signature of superfluidity in bosonic systems is a sound-wave-like spectrum of the single particle excitations which in the case of strong interactions is roughly temperature independent. In Fermionic systems, where Fermion pairing arises as a resonance phenomenon between free Fermions and paired Fermionic states (examples are: the atomic gases of 6Li^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li or 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K controlled by a Feshbach resonance, polaronic systems in the intermediary coupling regime, ddd-wave hole pairing in the strongly correlated Hubbard system), remnants of such superfluid characteristics are expected to be visible in the normal state. The single particle excitations maintain a sound-wave-like structure for wave vectors above a certain qmin(T){q}_{\mathrm{min}}(T)qmin​(T) where they practically coincide there with the spectrum of the superfluid phase for T<TcT<{T}_{c}T<Tc​. Upon approaching the transition from above this region in qqq space extends down to small momenta, except for a narrow region around q=0q=0q=0 where such modes change into damped free particle like excitations.