Systems showing resonant superfluidity, driven by an exchange coupling of strength g between uncorrelated pairs of itinerant fermions and tightly bound ones, undergo a first-order phase transition as g increases beyond some critical value gc. The superfluid phase for g<or=gc is characterized by a gap in the fermionic single-particle spectrum and an acoustic sound-wave-like collective mode of the bosonic resonating fermion pairs inside this gap. For g>gc this state gives way to a phase-uncorrelated bosonic liquid with a q2 spectrum.
The signature of superfluidity in bosonic systems is a sound-wave-like spectrum of the single particle excitations which in the case of strong interactions is roughly temperature independent. In Fermionic systems, where Fermion pairing arises as a resonance phenomenon between free Fermions and paired Fermionic states (examples are: the atomic gases of
6Li or
40K controlled by a Feshbach resonance, polaronic systems in the intermediary coupling regime,
d-wave hole pairing in the strongly correlated Hubbard system), remnants of such superfluid characteristics are expected to be visible in the normal state. The single particle excitations maintain a sound-wave-like structure for wave vectors above a certain
qmin(T) where they practically coincide there with the spectrum of the superfluid phase for
T<Tc. Upon approaching the transition from above this region in
q space extends down to small momenta, except for a narrow region around
q=0 where such modes change into damped free particle like excitations.