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arXiv:cond-mat/0606074 · Physical Review B

Absence of a sliding Luttinger liquid phase in the planar pyrochlore

Marcelo Arlego, Wolfram Brenig

Published Jan 8, 2007• 14 citations
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Abstract

Using series expansion based on the flow equation method we study the zero temperature properties of the spin-$1∕2$ planar pyrochlore antiferromagnet in the limit of strong diagonal coupling. Starting from the limit of decoupled crossed dimers we analyze the evolution of the ground state energy and the elementary triplet excitations in terms of two coupling constants describing the inter dimer exchange. In the limit of weakly coupled spin-$1∕2$ chains we find that the fully frustrated inter chain coupling is critical, forcing a dimer phase which adiabatically connects to the state of isolated dimers. This result is consistent with findings by O. Starykh, A. Furusaki, and L. Balents [Phys. Rev. B 72, 094416 (2005)] which is inconsistent with a two-dimensional sliding Luttinger liquid phase at finite inter chain coupling.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.75.024409

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Using series expansion based on the flow equation method we study the zero temperature properties of the spin-1∕21∕21∕2 planar pyrochlore antiferromagnet in the limit of strong diagonal coupling. Starting from the limit of decoupled crossed dimers we analyze the evolution of the ground state energy and the elementary triplet excitations in terms of two coupling constants describing the inter dimer exchange. In the limit of weakly coupled spin-1∕21∕21∕2 chains we find that the fully frustrated inter chain coupling is critical, forcing a dimer phase which adiabatically connects to the state of isolated dimers. This result is consistent with findings by O. Starykh, A. Furusaki, and L. Balents [Phys. Rev. B 72, 094416 (2005)] which is inconsistent with a two-dimensional sliding Luttinger liquid phase at finite inter chain coupling.
Recent investigations of the two-dimensional spin-1/2 checkerboard lattice favor a valence bond crystal with long-range quadrumer order [J.-B. Fouet, M. Mambrini, P. Sindzingre, and C. Lhuillier, cond-mat/0108070 (unpublished)]. Starting from the limit of isolated quadrumers, we perform a complementary analysis of the evolution of the spectrum as a function of the interquadrumer coupling j using both exact diagonalization (ED) and series expansion (SE) by continuous unitary transformation. We compute (i) the ground-state energy, (ii) the elementary triplet excitations, and (iii) singlet excitations on finite systems and find very good agreement between SE and ED. In the thermodynamic limit we find a ground-state energy substantially lower than that documented in the literature. The elementary triplet excitation is shown to be gapped and almost dispersionless, whereas the singlet sector contains strongly dispersive modes. Evidence is presented for the low energy singlet excitations in the spin gap in the vicinity of j=1j=1j=1 to result from a large downward renormalization of local high-energy states.
We study the phase diagram of two models of spin-1∕21∕21∕2 antiferromagnets composed of corner-sharing tetrahedra, the basis of the pyrochlore structure. Primarily, we focus on the Heisenberg antiferromaget on the checkerboard lattice (also called the planar pyrochlore and crossed-chain model). This model has an anisotropic limit, when the dimensionless ratio of two exchange constants ${J}_{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}}∕J⪡1$, in which it consists of one-dimensional spin chains coupled weakly together in a frustrated fashion. Using recently developed techniques combining renormalization group ideas and one-dimensional bosonization and current algebra methods, we show that in this limit the model enters a crossed-dimer state with twofold spontaneous symmetry breaking but no magnetic order. We complement this result by an approximate ``quadrumer triplet boson'' calculation, which qualitatively captures the physics of the ``plaquette valence-bond solid'' state believed to obtain for ${J}_{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}}∕J\ensuremath{\approx}1$. Using these known points in parameter space, the instabilities pointed to by the quadrumer boson calculation, and the simple limit ${J}_{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}}∕J⪢1$, we construct a few candidate global phase diagrams for the model, and discuss the nature of the quantum phase transitions contained therein. Finally, we apply our quasi-one-dimensional techniques to an anisotropic limit of the three-dimensional pyrochlore antiferromagnet, an approximate model for magnetism in GeCu2O4\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}GeCu2​O4​. A crossed-dimer state is predicted here as well.
Exact diagonalizations indicate that the effective one-dimensional behavior (sliding Luttinger liquid phase) of the frustrated spin-1/2 crossed chain model, predicted by Starykh, Singh, and Levine [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 167203 (2002)], persists for a wide range of interchain couplings. The extension of the other phases (plaquette valence bond crystal and N\'eel long-range order) is made precise. The coexistence region of these two phases, proposed by Sachdev and Park [Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 298, 58 (2002)], has at most a very narrow width.
Exact diagonalizations indicate that the effective 1-dimensional behavior (sliding Luttinger liquid phase) of the frustrated spin-1/2 crossed chain model, predicted by Starykh, Singh and Levine [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 167203 (2002)], persists for a wide range of transverse couplings. The extension of the other phases (plaquette valence bond crystal and Néel long range order) is precised. No clear indication of a coexistence of these two phases is found, at variance with a suggestion of Sachdev and Park (cond-mat/0108214).
We study the zero-temperature ground-state (GS) properties of the spin-1/2 anisotropic planar pyrochlore, using the coupled cluster method (CCM) implemented to high orders of approximation. The system comprises a J 1-J 2 model on the checkerboard lattice, with isotropic Heisenberg interactions of strength J 1 between all nearest-neighbour pairs of spins on the square lattice, and of strength J 2 between half of the next-nearest-neighbour pairs (in the checkerboard pattern). We calculate results for the GS energy and average local GS on-site magnetization, using various antiferromagnetic classical ground states as CCM model states. We also give results for the susceptibility of one of these states against the formation of crossed-dimer valence-bond crystalline (CDVBC) ordering. The complete GS phase diagram is presented for arbitrary values of the frustration parameter k≡J2/J1, and when each of the exchange couplings can take either sign.
We study systems of coupled spin-gapped and gapless Luttinger liquids. First, we establish the existence of a sliding Luttinger liquid phase for a system of weakly coupled parallel quantum wires, with and without disorder. It is shown that the coupling can stabilize a Luttinger liquid phase in the presence of disorder. We then extend our analysis to a system of crossed Luttinger liquids and establish the stability of a non-Fermi-liquid state: the crossed sliding Luttinger liquid phase. In this phase the system exhibits a finite-temperature, long-wavelength, isotropic electric conductivity that diverges as a power law in temperature T as $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{T}0.$ This two-dimensional system has many properties of a true isotropic Luttinger liquid, though at zero temperature it becomes anisotropic. An extension of this model to a three-dimensional stack exhibits a much higher in-plane conductivity than the conductivity in a perpendicular direction.