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arXiv:cond-mat/0604621 · Condensed Matter Physics

On the spectral relations for multitime correlation functions

Andrij M. Shvaika

Published Jan 1, 2006• 16 citations
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Abstract

A general approach to the derivation of the spectral relations for the multitime correlation functions is presented.A special attention is paid to the consideration of the non-ergodic (conserving) contributions and it is shown that such contributions can be treated in a rigorous way using multitime temperature Green functions.Representation of the multitime Green functions in terms of the spectral densities and solution of the reverse problem, i.e., finding the spectral densities from the known Green functions, are given for the case of the three-time correlation functions.

DOI
10.5488/cmp.9.3.447

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A general approach to the derivation of the spectral relations for the multitime correlation functions is presented.A special attention is paid to the consideration of the non-ergodic (conserving) contributions and it is shown that such contributions can be treated in a rigorous way using multitime temperature Green functions.Representation of the multitime Green functions in terms of the spectral densities and solution of the reverse problem, i.e., finding the spectral densities from the known Green functions, are given for the case of the three-time correlation functions.
Using the recently developed phase-space techniques for the treatment of quantum-mechanical problems, we set up a procedure for calculating multitime-correlation functions in terms of the joint distribution functions. The correlation functions are then expressed simply as integrals over the associated phase space. Explicit expressions are given for these joint distribution functions, in terms of Green's functions of the ccc-number equations of motion for the phase-space equivalent of the density operator. Using these joint distribution functions, an exact regression theorem is rederived, and the connection with the multitime correspondence between classical and quantum stochastic processes is discussed.
This is the first of a series of papers dealing with many-particle systems from a unified, nonperturbative point of view. It contains derivations and discussions of various field-theoretical techniques which will be applied in subsequent papers. In a short introduction the general method of approach is summarized, and its relationship to other field-theoretic problems indicated. In the second section the macroscopic properties of the spectra of many-particle systems are described. Asymptotic evaluations are performed which characterize these macroscopic features in terms of intensive parameters, and the relationship of these parameters to thermodynamics is discussed. The special characteristics of the ground state are shown to follow as a limiting case of the asymptotic evaluations. The third section is devoted to the time-dependent field correlation functions, or Green's functions, which describe the microscopic behavior of a multiparticle system. These functions are defined, and related to intensive macroscopic variables when the energy and number of particles are large. Spectral representations and other properties of various one-particle Green's functions are derived. In the fourth section the treatment of non-equilibrium processes is considered. As a particular example, the electromagnetic properties of a system are expressed in terms of the special two-particle Green's function which describes current correlation. The discussion yields specifically a fluctuation-dissipation theorem, a sum rule for conductivity, and certain dispersion relations. The fifth section deals with the differential equations which determine the Green's functions. The boundary conditions that characterize the Green's function equations are exhibited without reference to adiabatic decoupling. A method for solving the equations approximately, by treating the correlations among successively larger numbers of particles, is considered. The first approximation in this sequence is shown to yield a generalized Hartree-like equation. A related, but rigorous, identity for the single-particle Green's function is then derived. A second approximation, which takes certain two-particle correlations into account, is shown to produce various additional effects: The interaction between particles is altered in a manner characterized by the intensive macroscopic parameters, and the modification and spread of the energy-momentum relation come into play. In the final section compact formal expressions for the Green's functions and other physical quantities are derived. Alternative equations and systematic approximations for the Green's functions are obtained.
Derivation of the procedures that can be applied in evaluating two-time correlation function in terms of coherent-state propagator and corresponding Q-function is presented. On the basis that the involved functions are generally exponential in nature, obtaining the two-time second-order correlation function is essentially claimed to be reduced to carrying out relatively simple integrations. Fundamentally, the time dependence of the operators is transferred to the density operator. Moreover, manipulation in reordering the operators is performed by applying the usual trace operation. With all details, it is basically observed that the two-time correlation can be readily determined once the pertinent coherent-state propagator or Q-function is known. Since working with c-number equation is far more handy than the associated operator equation, it is expected that the results derived in this contribution can aid in easing the otherwise involving mathematical rigor.
We extend the formalism of the thermodynamic two-time Green's functions to nonextensive quantum statistical mechanics. Working in the optimal Lagrangian multiplier representation, the q -spectral properties and the methods for a direct calculation of the two-time q Green's functions and the related q -spectral density ( q measures the nonextensivity degree) for two generic operators are presented in strict analogy with the extensive (q=1) counterpart. Some emphasis is devoted to the nonextensive version of the less known spectral density method whose effectiveness in exploring equilibrium and transport properties of a wide variety of systems has been well established in conventional classical and quantum many-body physics. To check how both the equations of motion and the spectral density methods work to study the q -induced nonextensivity effects in nontrivial many-body problems, we focus on the equilibrium properties of a second-quantized model for a high-density Bose gas with strong attraction between particles for which exact results exist in extensive conditions. Remarkably, the contributions to several thermodynamic quantities of the q -induced nonextensivity close to the extensive regime are explicitly calculated in the low-temperature regime by overcoming the calculation of the q grand-partition function.