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arXiv:cond-mat/0604258 · Physical Review B

Exact magnetization plateaus and phase transitions in spin- S Heisenberg antiferromagnets in arbitrary dimensions

V. Ravi Chandra, Naveen Surendran

Published Jul 21, 2006• 13 citations
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Abstract

We generalize a class of Heisenberg antiferromagnets in one, two, and three dimensions, which have been shown to exhibit magnetization plateaus for spin-$\frac{1}{2}$. In a certain parameter range of the general model, which is formally defined in $D$ dimensions, we obtain the exact ground state(s) in the presence of an external magnetic field for arbitrary values of spin. In this range, the magnetization remains a constant as a function of the external field, except at some special values of the field where there is a jump from one plateau to the next. The plateaus are formed at certain specific fractions of the full magnetization which are determined by the spin and the lattice. Our general spin-$S$ result reproduces the known cases for spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ in various lattices. Furthermore, we argue that outside the exact regime, the mechanism for the plateau formation is different. This results in first order phase transitions along some of the plateaus as the coupling constant is varied. We rigorously show the existence of such transitions for some particular cases. Finally, we numerically analyze a spin-$1$ model in one dimension using exact diagonalization to obtain its complete phase diagram. It agrees with our analytic results.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.74.024421

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We generalize a class of Heisenberg antiferromagnets in one, two, and three dimensions, which have been shown to exhibit magnetization plateaus for spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​. In a certain parameter range of the general model, which is formally defined in DDD dimensions, we obtain the exact ground state(s) in the presence of an external magnetic field for arbitrary values of spin. In this range, the magnetization remains a constant as a function of the external field, except at some special values of the field where there is a jump from one plateau to the next. The plateaus are formed at certain specific fractions of the full magnetization which are determined by the spin and the lattice. Our general spin-SSS result reproduces the known cases for spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ in various lattices. Furthermore, we argue that outside the exact regime, the mechanism for the plateau formation is different. This results in first order phase transitions along some of the plateaus as the coupling constant is varied. We rigorously show the existence of such transitions for some particular cases. Finally, we numerically analyze a spin-111 model in one dimension using exact diagonalization to obtain its complete phase diagram. It agrees with our analytic results.
Magnetization plateaus in quantum spin systems emerges in two-dimensional frustrated systems such as kagome lattice. The spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on square-kagome lattice is also appropriate for the study of magnetization plateau. Motivated by recent experimental finding of such a square-kagome lattice with nonequivalent three bonds, we investigate the phase diagrams and magnetization plateaus of the lattice by the exact diagonalization method. In addition to previously reported the 1/3 and 2/3 plateaus in the model with two equivalent bonds, we find a new 2/3 plateau whose magnetic structure is characterized by spontaneously broken four-fold rotational symmetry. The plateau appears only in the case of three nonequivalent bonds. We propose the possibility of finding plateaus including the new one.
We clarify the existence of several magnetization plateaus for the kagome S=12S=\frac{1}{2}S=21​ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model in a magnetic field. Using approximate or exact localized magnon eigenstates, we are able to describe in a similar manner the plateau states that occur for magnetization per site m=13m=\frac{1}{3}m=31​, 59\frac{5}{9}95​, and 79\frac{7}{9}97​ of the saturation value. These results are confirmed using large-scale exact diagonalization on lattices up to 63 sites.
We discuss spin-SSS antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with three-spin interactions, next-nearest-neighbor interactions, and bond alternation. First, we prove rigorously that there exist parameter regions of the exact dimerized ground state in this system. This is a generalization of the Majumdar-Ghosh model to arbitrary SSS. Next, we discuss the ground-state phase diagram of the models by introducing several effective field theories and the universality classes of the transitions are described by the level-2S2S2S SU(2)\mathrm{SU}(2)SU(2) Wess-Zumino-Witten model and the Gaussian model. Finally, we determine the phase diagrams of S=1S=1S=1 and S=3/2S=3/2S=3/2 systems by using exact diagonalization and level spectroscopy.
Plateaus can be observed in the zero-temperature magnetization curve of quantum spin systems at rational values of the magnetization. In one dimension, the appearance of a plateau is controlled by a quantization condition for the magnetization which involves the length of the local spin and the volume of a translational unit cell of the ground state. We discuss examples of geometrically frustrated quantum spin systems with large (in general unbounded) periodicities of spontaneous breaking of translational symmetry in the ground state. In two dimensions, we discuss the square, triangular and Kagomé lattices using exact diagonalization (ED) for up to N = 40 sites. For the spin-1/2 XXZ model on the triangular lattice we study the nature and stability region of a plateau at one third of the saturation magnetization. The Kagomé lattice gives rise to particularly rich behaviour with several plateaus in the magnetization curve and a jump due to local magnon excitations just below saturation.
In this work we study the Heisenberg XXZ antiferromagnetic model for spin S and dimension d in the presence of an external longitudinal magnetic field. First, we essay a variational approach which uses as trial function a version of the analytic expression for the ground state given by the paired nonmagnetic excitation (PNME) theory [M. Lagos and G. G. Cabrera, Solid State Commun. 67, 221 (1988); Phys. Rev. B 38, 659 (1988)], generalized in order to incorporate the external field. The ground-state energy, sublattice magnetization, and magnetic susceptibility are obtained. Subsequently, we solve the problem numerically for a chain of 12 spins (S=1 and S=3/2) using the Lancz\"os method [E. Dagotto and A. Moreo, Phys. Rev. D 31, 865 (1985)]. The two approaches give excellent concordance over a wide range of the parameters of the model. We show that our analytic trial function represents accurately the ground state of the system for anisotropies ranging from the Ising limit to the almost isotropic Heisenberg model for all values of the field. Moreover, it accounts for the several antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic phases occurring for different values of the magnetic field with the same precision. The critical fields of the transitions are predicted correctly. Also, results for various spin values S in two and three dimensions are presented.
The mapping transformation technique is applied to obtain exact results for the spin-1/2 and spin- S ( S = 1/2, 1) Ising–Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain in the presence of an external magnetic field. Within this scheme, a field-induced first-order metamagnetic phase transition resulting in multiplateau magnetization curves is investigated in detail. It is found that the scenario of the plateau formation depends fundamentally on the ratio between Ising and Heisenberg interaction parameters, as well as on the strength of the XXZ Heisenberg exchange anisotropy.