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arXiv:cond-mat/0604135 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Electron teleportation between quantum dots using virtual dark exciton

Monique Combescot, Odile Betbeder-Matibet, V. Voliotis

Published May 2, 2006• 11 citations
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Abstract

We here propose a mechanism to teleport electrons between quantum dots through the transformation of a virtual bright exciton into a dark exciton. This mechanism relies on the interactions of two composite bosons: a pair of electrons with opposite spins, trapped in two dots and an electron-hole pair in a free exciton coupled to an unabsorbed pump pulse, which makes it “bright” but virtual. This bright exciton first turns “dark” by dropping its electron and stealing the trapped electron with opposite spin through an exchange Coulomb process with the trapped pair. In a second step, the dark exciton “flies” with its electron to the other dot where it turns bright again, by the inverse process. The “Shiva diagrams” for composite-boson many-body effects that we have recently introduced, enlighten this understanding.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i2006-10033-9

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We here propose a mechanism to teleport electrons between quantum dots through the transformation of a virtual bright exciton into a dark exciton. This mechanism relies on the interactions of two composite bosons: a pair of electrons with opposite spins, trapped in two dots and an electron-hole pair in a free exciton coupled to an unabsorbed pump pulse, which makes it “bright” but virtual. This bright exciton first turns “dark” by dropping its electron and stealing the trapped electron with opposite spin through an exchange Coulomb process with the trapped pair. In a second step, the dark exciton “flies” with its electron to the other dot where it turns bright again, by the inverse process. The “Shiva diagrams” for composite-boson many-body effects that we have recently introduced, enlighten this understanding.
We here propose a mechanism to teleport electrons between quantum dots through the transformation of a virtual bright exciton into a dark exciton. This mechanism relies on the interactions of two composite bosons: a pair of electrons with opposite spins, trapped in two dots and an electron-hole pair in a free exciton coupled to an unabsorbed pump pulse, which makes it ``bright'' but virtual. This bright exciton first turns ``dark'' by dropping its electron and stealing the trapped electron with opposite spin through an exchange Coulomb process with the trapped pair. In a second step, the dark exciton ``flies'' with its electron to the other dot where it turns bright again, by the inverse process. The ``Shiva diagrams'' for composite-boson many-body effects that we have recently introduced, enlighten this understanding.
Dark excitons in quantum dots are not directly optically accessible, which has limited their use in practical applications. Nevertheless, they offer promising features such as substantially longer lifetimes compared to bright excitons, making them attractive candidates for quantum information processing. While previous theoretical and experimental studies have explored their potential, their full capabilities remain largely untapped. In this work, we demonstrate an all-optical storage and retrieval of the spin-forbidden dark exciton in a quantum dot from the ground state using chirped pulses and an in-plane magnetic field. Our experimental findings are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions of the dynamics calculated using state-of-the-art product tensor methods. Our scheme enables an all-optical control of dark states without relying on any preceding decays. This opens up an unexplored dimension for optimal quantum control and time-bin entangled photon pair generation from quantum dots.
Abstract Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are known to produce the atomic Lamb shift. We here reveal their iconic signature in semiconductor physics, through the blue-shift they produce to optically bright excitons, thus lifting the energy of these excitons above their dark counterparts. The electromagnetic field here acts in its full complexity: in addition to its longitudinal part via inter band virtual Coulomb processes, the transverse part —which has been missed up to now— also acts via resonant and nonresonant virtual photons . These two parts beautifully combine to produce a bright exciton blue-shift independent of the exciton wave vector direction. Our work readily leads to a striking prediction: long-lived excitons must have a small bright-dark splitting. Although the analogy between exciton and hydrogen atom could lead us to see the bright exciton shift as a Lamb shift, this is not fully so: the Lamb shift comes entirely from virtual photons, whereas the Coulomb interaction also contributes to the exciton shift through the so-called “electron-hole exchange”.
An indirect exchange interaction between spins in two quantum dots is investigated theoretically. The coupling is mediated by virtual delocalized excitons driven by an off‐resonance laser. We present a formulation of the exchange interaction between the localized and itinerant electrons that includes the effects of hybridization of continuum and dot states and the double occupancy in the dot. These are shown to produce a contribution comparable to conventional exchange. Among the studied geometries, the largest couplings are found for vertically stacked dots in a quasi one‐dimensional host.