Structural Observability II: A Threshold Condition for Quantum Outcome Formation and Its Experimental Consequences
Mark Dukes
RECORD 2 — Structural Observability II Description Structural Observability II: A Threshold Condition for Quantum Outcome Formation and Its Experimental Consequences This paper develops the experimental consequences of the Structural Observability (SO) framework introduced in Structural Observability I. The framework defines a threshold condition for outcome formation based on a record-strength function R = D · S, where D is distinguishability and S is stability. The SO condition is strictly stronger than decoherence and predicts a regime in which which-path distinguishability is high (D ≈ 1) while interference persists in raw, unpost-selected detection statistics due to sub-threshold record formation. Four independent experimental predictions are developed across orthogonal parameter axes (time, geometry, environmental stability, and accessibility), connected by a single parameter Rc. A cross-consistency requirement—one parameter, four experiments, one constraint—provides a central falsifiability condition. A parameter-based retrodictive analysis using published superconducting qubit calibration data is also presented, establishing a concrete point of contact between the framework and existing experimental systems. This work forms Part II of the Structural Observability program and depends on the framework developed in Structural Observability I. Keywords quantum measurement, decoherence, superconducting qubits, Ramsey experiments, quantum foundations, entanglement, quantum information
•Mar 21, 2026•0 citations