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arXiv:cond-mat/0602108 · New Journal of Physics

Supersonic optical tunnels for Bose–Einstein condensates

Sebastian Wüster, Beata J. Dąbrowska-Wüster

Published Apr 4, 2007• 4 citations
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Abstract

We propose a method for the stabilization of a stack of parallel vortex rings in a Bose–Einstein condensate. The method makes use of a 'hollow' laser beam containing an optical vortex. Using realistic experimental parameters we demonstrate numerically that our method can stabilize up to nine vortex rings. Furthermore we point out that the condensate flow through the tunnel formed by the core of the optical vortex can be made supersonic by inserting a laser-generated hump potential. We show that long-living immobile condensate solitons generated in the tunnel exhibit sonic horizons. Finally, we discuss prospects of using these solitons for analogue gravity experiments.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/9/4/085

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We propose a method for the stabilization of a stack of parallel vortex rings in a Bose–Einstein condensate. The method makes use of a 'hollow' laser beam containing an optical vortex. Using realistic experimental parameters we demonstrate numerically that our method can stabilize up to nine vortex rings. Furthermore we point out that the condensate flow through the tunnel formed by the core of the optical vortex can be made supersonic by inserting a laser-generated hump potential. We show that long-living immobile condensate solitons generated in the tunnel exhibit sonic horizons. Finally, we discuss prospects of using these solitons for analogue gravity experiments.
We predict three-dimensional vortex solitons in a Bose—Einstein condensate under a complex potential, which is the combination of a two-dimensional parabolic trap along the transverse radial direction and a one-dimensional optical-lattice potential along the z axis direction. The vortex solitons are built in the form of a layer-chain structure made of several fundamental vortices along the optical-lattice direction. This has not been reported before in the three-dimensional Bose—Einstein condensate. By using a combination of the energy density functional method with direct numerical simulation, we find three-dimensional vortex solitons with topological charges χ = 1, χ = 2, and χ = 3. Moreover, the macroscopic quantum tunneling and chirp phenomena of the vortex solitons are shown in the evolution. Therein, the occurrence of macroscopic quantum tunneling provides the possibility for the experimental realization of quantum tunneling. Specifically, we successfully manipulate the vortex solitons along the optical lattice direction. The stability limits for dragging the vortex solitons from an initial fixed position to a prescribed location are further pursued.
We study generation and stabilization of vortex rings in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. We suggest an approach for generating vortex rings by optical tweezers---two blue-detuned optical beams forming a toroidal void in a magnetically or optically confined condensate cloud. We demonstrate that matter-wave vortex rings trapped within the void are energetically and dynamically stable. Our theoretical findings suggest a possibility for the generation, stabilization, and nondestructive manipulation of quantized vortex rings in experimentally feasible trapping configurations.
The stability of dark solitons generated by supersonic flow of a Bose-Einstein condensate past an obstacle is investigated. It is shown that in the reference frame attached to the obstacle a transition occurs at some critical value of the flow velocity from absolute instability of dark solitons to their convective instability. This leads to the decay of disturbances of solitons at a fixed distance from the obstacle and the formation of effectively stable dark solitons. This phenomenon explains the surprising stability of the flow picture that has been observed in numerical simulations.
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We construct three-dimensional structures of topological defects hosted in trapped wave fields, in the form of vortex stars, vortex cages, parallel vortex lines, perpendicular vortex rings, and parallel vortex rings, and we show that the latter exist as robust stationary, collective states of nonrotating Bose-Einstein condensates. We discuss the stability properties of excited states containing several parallel vortex rings hosted by the condensate, including their dynamical and structural stability.