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arXiv:cond-mat/0507674 · Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Photoinduced Metallic Properties of One-Dimensional Strongly Correlated Electron Systems

Nobuya Maeshima, Kenji Yonemitsu

Published Oct 1, 2005• 47 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study photoinduced optical responses of one-dimensional strongly correlated electron systems. The optical conductivity spectra are calculated for the ground state and a photoexcited state in the one-dimensional Hubbard model at half filling by using the exact diagonalization method. It is found that, in the Mott insulator phase, the photoexcited state has large spectral weights including the Drude weight below the optical gap. As a consequence, the spectral weight above the optical gap is largely reduced. These results imply that a metallic state is induced by photoexcitation. Comparison between the photoexcited and hole-doped states shows that the photoexcitation is similar to chemical doping.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.74.2671

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Utilizing the exact diagonalization method, we investigate the one-dimensional Peierls-Hubbard model at quarter filling, where it manifests as an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator in units of dimers. By increasing the on-site Coulomb repulsion UUU, we observe a significant suppression of the Drude peak, based on a nonequilibrium linear-response theory capable of capturing the zero-frequency (Drude) weight of the optical conductivity under periodic boundary conditions. However, after the ultrafast photoirradiation of this model with large UUU, we detect a distinct enhancement of the Drude peak, signifying the onset of a photoinduced insulator-metal transition. Comparing these dynamics with the half-filled Hubbard model and a noninteracting spinless half-filled Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model (corresponding to the quarter-filled Peierls-Hubbard model with infinite UUU), we propose a mechanism for the photoinduced metallic state: The empty-occupied and double-occupied dimers serve as the photoinduced charge carriers, akin to the holons and doublons in the Hubbard model.
The spectral weight functions and the optical conductivity of a highly correlated electronic system described by a simple Hubbard model are studied. The calculations are carried out for a small system, a cubic cluster of eight sites, by means of exact diagonalization using symmetrized basis functions. The spectral weight functions of a single hole (or electron) placed in an otherwise half-filled band are obtained. The density of states at different interaction strengths, ranging from weak to strong couplings, is studied. We observe the spreading of the spectral weight associated with some single-particle eigenstates over a large range of energies, and the appearance of satellite structure at higher excitation energies. The nature of band narrowing is also discussed. The frequency dependent (optical) conductivity is studied for the cases of a half-filled band, and for one hole and two hole dopings away from half filling. The interaction strength is varied between the weak- and strong-coupling limits. The formation of a Hubbard gap is observed. Results are related to aspects of the metal-insulator transition in bulk systems.
We theoretically study photoemission spectra for photodoped one-dimensional Mott insulators that can host excitons, and show that their spectral characteristics differ qualitatively from those of photodoped semiconductors. In conventional semiconductors, photoemission spectra are well understood; free charge carriers generate spectral weight near the bottom of the conduction band, while the formation of excitons leads to replica features of the valence band appearing inside the band gap. In one-dimensional Mott insulators, on the other hand, strong correlations give rise to fractionalized elementary excitations-spinons, holons, and doublons-which fundamentally modify the photoemission response. We find that when photodoped carriers, i.e., doublons and holons, remain unbound, the photoemission spectrum directly reflects the dispersion of spinons, i.e., magnetic elementary excitations. In contrast, when a doublon and a holon form an excitonic bound state, replica structures of the lower Hubbard band emerge inside the Mott gap, carrying contributions from both spinon and holon excitations. Importantly, the distribution of the in-gap signal depends sensitively on the degree of doublon-holon binding. The origin of these spectral features is clarified through a combination of exact diagonalization and the slave-particle approach. These results indicate that photoemission from photoinduced carriers and excitons in strongly correlated electron systems can provide information on magnetic properties and carrier-binding properties.
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