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arXiv:cond-mat/0507277 · Physical Review B

Correlations and confinement in nonplanar two-dimensional dimer models

Anders W. Sandvik, Roderich Moessner

Published Apr 4, 2006• 53 citations
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Abstract

We study classical hard-core dimer models on the square lattice with links extending beyond nearest-neighbors. Numerically, using a directed-loop Monte Carlo algorithm, we find that, in the presence of longer dimers preserving the bipartite graph structure, algebraic correlations persist. While the confinement exponent for monomers drifts, the leading decay of dimer correlations remains $1∕{r}^{2}$, although the logarithmic peaks present in the dimer structure factor of the nearest-neighbor model vanish. By contrast, an arbitrarily small fraction of next-nearest-neighbor dimers leads to the onset of exponential dimer correlations and deconfinement. We discuss these results in the framework of effective theories, and provide an approximate but accurate analytical expression for the dimer correlations.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.73.144504

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We study classical hard-core dimer models on the square lattice with links extending beyond nearest-neighbors. Numerically, using a directed-loop Monte Carlo algorithm, we find that, in the presence of longer dimers preserving the bipartite graph structure, algebraic correlations persist. While the confinement exponent for monomers drifts, the leading decay of dimer correlations remains 1∕r21∕{r}^{2}1∕r2, although the logarithmic peaks present in the dimer structure factor of the nearest-neighbor model vanish. By contrast, an arbitrarily small fraction of next-nearest-neighbor dimers leads to the onset of exponential dimer correlations and deconfinement. We discuss these results in the framework of effective theories, and provide an approximate but accurate analytical expression for the dimer correlations.
A square-lattice hard-core dimer model with links extending beyond nearest-neighbors is studied using a directed-loop Monte Carlo method. An arbitrarily small fraction of next-nearest-neighbor dimers is found to cause deconfinement, whereas a critical state with r−2r^{-2}r−2 distance dependence of the dimer-dimer correlations persists in the presence of longer dimers preserving the bipartite graph structure. However, the critical confinement exponent governing the correlation of two test monomers is non-universal. Implications for resonating-valence-bond states are discussed.
We study classical hard-core dimer models on three-dimensional lattices using analytical approaches and Monte Carlo simulations. On the bipartite cubic lattice, a local gauge field generalization of the height representation used on the square lattice predicts that the dimers are in a critical Coulomb phase with algebraic, dipolar correlations, in excellent agreement with our large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. The nonbipartite fcc and Fisher lattices lack such a representation, and we find that these models have both confined and exponentially deconfined but no critical phases. We conjecture that extended critical phases are realized only on bipartite lattices, even in higher dimensions.
We study the classical hard-core dimer model on the triangular lattice. Following Kasteleyn's fundamental theorem on planar graphs, this problem is soluble using Pfaffians. This model is particularly interesting for, unlike the dimer problems on the bipartite square and hexagonal lattices, its correlations are short ranged with a correlation length of less than one lattice constant. We compute the dimer-dimer and monomer-monomer correlators, and find that the model is deconfining: the monomer-monomer correlator falls off exponentially to a constant value 0.1494…,0.1494\dots{},0.1494…, only slightly below the nearest-neighbor value of 1/6.1/6.1/6. We also consider the anisotropic triangular lattice model in which the square lattice is perturbed by diagonal bonds of one orientation and small fugacity. We show that the model becomes noncritical immediately and that this perturbation is equivalent to adding a mass term to each of two Majorana fermions that are present in the long wavelength limit of the square lattice problem.
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We present a detailed study of a model of close-packed dimers on the square lattice with an interaction between nearest-neighbor dimers. The interaction favors parallel alignment of dimers, resulting in a low-temperature crystalline phase. With large-scale Monte Carlo and transfer matrix calculations, we show that the crystal melts through a Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition to give rise to a high-temperature critical phase, with algebraic decays of correlations functions with exponents that vary continuously with the temperature. We give a theoretical interpretation of these results by mapping the model to a Coulomb gas, whose coupling constant and associated exponents are calculated numerically with high precision. Introducing monomers is a marginal perturbation at the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and gives rise to another critical line. We study this line numerically, showing that it is in the Ashkin-Teller universality class, and terminates in a tricritical point at finite temperature and monomer fugacity. In the course of this work, we also derive analytic results relevant to the noninteracting case of dimer coverings, including a Bethe ansatz (at the free fermion point) analysis, a detailed discussion of the effective height model, and a free field analysis of height fluctuations.
We investigate the evolution of phase transition of the classical fully compact dimer model on the bipartite square lattice with second nearest bonds at finite temperatures. We use the numeric Monte Carlo method with the directed-loop algorithm to simulate the model. Our results show that the order of the phase transition depends on the fugacity of the second nearest bonds. We find that the phase transition reduces from the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition to unconventional high-order phase transitions which feature the coexistence of properties Kosterliz-Thouless transition and the first-order phases transition simultaneously. As the fugacity increases further, phase transition evolves to the first-order phase transition. In addition, our results of dimer-dimer correlation functions and their corresponding structure factor functions computed by us show the evolution of decay correlation for different fugacity.