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arXiv:cond-mat/0507043 · Physical Review A

Anderson lattice description of photoassociation in an optical lattice

Takahiko Miyakawa, Pierre Meystre

Published Feb 10, 2006• 6 citations
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Abstract

We consider atomic mixtures of bosons and two-component fermions in an optical lattice potential. We show that if the bosons are in a Mott-insulator state with precisely one atom per lattice, the photoassociation of bosonic and fermionic atoms into heteronuclear fermionic molecules is described by the Anderson lattice model. We determine the ground-state properties of an inhomogeneous version of that model in the strong atom-molecule coupling regime, including an additional harmonic trap potential. Various spatial structures arise from the interplay between the atom-molecule correlations and the confining potential. Perturbation theory with respect to the tunneling coupling between fermionic atoms shows that antiferromagnetic correlations develop around a spin-singlet core of fermionic atoms and molecules.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.73.021601

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We consider atomic mixtures of bosons and two-component fermions in an optical lattice potential. We show that if the bosons are in a Mott-insulator state with precisely one atom per lattice, the photoassociation of bosonic and fermionic atoms into heteronuclear fermionic molecules is described by the Anderson lattice model. We determine the ground-state properties of an inhomogeneous version of that model in the strong atom-molecule coupling regime, including an additional harmonic trap potential. Various spatial structures arise from the interplay between the atom-molecule correlations and the confining potential. Perturbation theory with respect to the tunneling coupling between fermionic atoms shows that antiferromagnetic correlations develop around a spin-singlet core of fermionic atoms and molecules.
We consider the photodissociation of ground-state bosonic molecules trapped in an optical lattice potential into a two-component gas of fermionic atoms. The system is assumed to be described by a single-band resonantly coupled Bose-Fermi Hubbard model. We show that in the strong fermion-fermion interaction limit the dissociation dynamics is governed by a spin-boson lattice Hamiltonian. In the framework of a mean-field analysis based on a generalized Gutzwiller ansatz, we then examine the crossover of the dissociation from a regime of independent single-site dynamics to a regime of cooperative dynamics as the molecular tunneling increases. We also show that in the limits of weak and strong intersite tunneling the mean-field solutions agree well with the results from the quantum optical Jaynes-Cummings and Tavis-Cummings models, respectively. Finally, we identify two types of self-trapping transitions, a coherent and an incoherent one, depending on the ratio of the repulsive molecule-molecule interaction strength to molecular tunneling.
We study the ground-state properties of spin-1 bosonic atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice with harmonic confinement. We have developed a highly efficient numerical method based on the Gutzwiller approximation to clarify the inhomogeneous magnetic phases induced by the harmonic confining potential. A quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator is examined for the respective cases with antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions. It is shown that the profile of local spins over the lattice sites changes as a function of the interaction strength forming the characteristic structures, which closely correlates with the average number of atoms at the sites. For antiferromagnetic cases, we find that there is a crossover from a superfluid polar condensate to Mott-insulator domains consisting of either a spin-singlet pair or a single spin at each site.
We investigate properties of an ultracold, two-component bosonic gas in a square optical lattice at unit filling. In addition to density-density interactions, the atoms are subject to coherent light-matter interactions that couple different internal states. We examine the influence of this coherent coupling on the system and its quantum phases by using Gutzwiller mean-field theory as well as bosonic dynamical mean-field theory. We find that the interplay of strong interspecies repulsion and coherent coupling affects the Mott insulator to superfluid transition and shifts the tip of the Mott lobe toward higher values of the tunneling amplitude. In the strongly interacting Mott regime, the resulting Bose-Hubbard model can be mapped onto an effective spin Hamiltonian that offers additional insights into the observed phenomena.
We discuss the theory of mixtures of bosonic and fermionic atoms in periodic potentials at zero temperature. We derive a general Bose-Fermi Hubbard Hamiltonian in a one-dimensional optical lattice with a superimposed harmonic trapping potential. We study the conditions for linear stability of the mixture and derive a mean-field criterion for the onset of a bosonic superfluid transition. We investigate the ground-state properties of the mixture in the Gutzwiller formulation of mean-field theory, and present numerical studies of finite systems. The bosonic and fermionic density distributions and the onset of quantum phase transitions to demixing and to a bosonic Mott-insulator are studied as a function of the lattice potential strength. The existence is predicted of a disordered phase for mixtures loaded in very deep lattices. Such a disordered phase possessing many degenerate or quasidegenerate ground states is related to a breaking of the mirror symmetry in the lattice.
Confinement of atoms by laser technology has opened up a new field of physics. Following the realization of Bose– Einstein condensation (BEC) of bosonic atoms, fermionic atom systems and even boson–fermion mixture systems were successfully trapped and cooled. Application of a periodic potential, so called optical lattice, could also unveil interesting nature of the atoms. One of the interesting phenomena of the atoms on optical lattice is Mott transition. Although there is a long history of the study on bosons or fermions on lattice, coexistence of bosons and fermions on lattice is a rather new topic to study. In particular, we have little knowledge about strongly-correlated bosons and fermions on lattice. In our previous works we performed numerical simulations of Bose–Fermi mixtures to clarify the phase diagram and the effect of the confinement potential. When the total number of bosonic and fermionic atoms per site takes an integer value and interatomic interactions are sufficiently strong, the system would undergo Mott transition where the local atom density is fixed to the integer value. A characteristic of this Mott insulating phase is that a boson and fermion located next to each other can exchange their positions by going through a virtual doubly-occupied state with the atom exchange energy t ’ tbtf=Ubf where tb and tf are the hopping energy of the bosons and fermions respectively and Ubf denotes the on-site interaction between the boson and the fermion. Although there still remain a number of open questions on the Mott state of Bose–Fermi mixtures, the property of superfluid state of the strongly-correlated bosons and fermions has yet to be revealed. In this short note we would like to focus on strongly-correlated Bose–Fermi mixtures at commensurate filling in a three-dimensional periodical potential and see characteristic behaviors, if any, of the superfluid phase close to the phase boundary to the Mott insulating phase. In the following analysis we assume uniformity of the system and thus neglect the possibility of the emergence of so-called supersolid where superfluidity and structural long-range order coexist. For simplicity we ignore all the internal degree of freedom of the atoms and the influence of the trap potential which in fact creates a nonuniform density profile of the bosons and fermions. For the system at commensurate filling on optical lattice, we assume that the interatomic interactions are weak enough to avoid formation of Mott state but strong enough to allow us to expect that there are only few empty or doublyoccupied sites and most sites are singly occupied. Namely we analyze the system that stays in a superfluid phase but lies close to the boundary to the Mott phase. Since a boson and fermion located next to each other can exchange their positions as stated above, the energy of the superfluid state of the mixture system is given mostly by the kinetic energy of the bosons and fermions exchanging their positions. We therefore express the Hamiltonian in the following form, ignoring the kinetic energy of the atoms at the empty sites and the interaction energy at the doubly-occupied sites:
We study the ground state properties of ultracold fermions trapped in a one-dimensional double-well optical lattice by using the density-matrix renormalization group method. The system is described by an extended Hubbard model with alternating hopping integrals and an external harmonic confining potential. We clarify the characteristic features of the metal–insulator phase transition originating from the double-well structure of the lattices. Several different types of insulating regions coexist when the number of atoms at each site is an integer or a half integer. We found that each insulating phase except for a band insulator exhibits rather large local density fluctuations, reflecting the strong dimerization of atoms within the unit cells of double-well lattices. The phase characteristics are elucidated in detail by investigating the profiles of the local density of atoms, the local density (spin) fluctuations, the double-occupancy probability and the spatially extended sp in correlations.