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arXiv:cond-mat/0506159 · Physical Review B

Competing orderings in an extended Falicov-Kimball model

P. M. R. Brydon, Jian‐Xin Zhu, M. Gulácsi, A. R. Bishop

Published Sep 23, 2005• 15 citations
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Abstract

We present a Hartree-Fock study of the Falicov-Kimball model extended by both on-site and nonlocal hybridization. We examine the interplay between excitonic effects and the charge-density wave (CDW) instability known to exist at zero hybridization. It is found that the CDW state remains stable in the presence of finite hybridization; for on-site hybridization the Coulomb interaction nevertheless strongly enhances the excitonic average above its value in the noninteracting system. In contrast, for nonlocal hybridization, we observe no such enhancement of the excitonic average or a spontaneous on-site hybridization potential. Instead, we find only a significant suppression of the excitonic correlations in the CDW state. A phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau analysis is also provided to understand the interplay.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.72.125122

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We present a Hartree-Fock study of the Falicov-Kimball model extended by both on-site and nonlocal hybridization. We examine the interplay between excitonic effects and the charge-density wave (CDW) instability known to exist at zero hybridization. It is found that the CDW state remains stable in the presence of finite hybridization; for on-site hybridization the Coulomb interaction nevertheless strongly enhances the excitonic average above its value in the noninteracting system. In contrast, for nonlocal hybridization, we observe no such enhancement of the excitonic average or a spontaneous on-site hybridization potential. Instead, we find only a significant suppression of the excitonic correlations in the CDW state. A phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau analysis is also provided to understand the interplay.
The density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method is used to examine the effects of the interband Coulomb interaction U between f and d electrons as well as the f -electron hopping on the stability of the excitonic phase in the one-dimensional Falicov-Kimball model (FKM) with local hybridization V . It is found that the interband Coulomb interaction significantly enhances the excitonic average and that this effect is especially strong in the limit of small hybridization, where the interacting excitonic value is enhanced several hundred times in comparison to its non-interacting value. The further increase in P df is observed due to the non-zero f -electron hopping, but these changes are considerable only if the d and f bands have opposite parity. In addition, the examination of the interplay between the excitonic effects and the charge density wave (CDW) instability showed that the CDW and excitonic phase coexist up to relatively large values of local hybridization . The ground-state phase diagram of the model in the plane is discussed.
We present the first numerical study of the Falicov-Kimball model extended by an on-site hybridization away from the particle-hole symmetry point. Stable polaronic distortions of the charge-density wave (CDW) phase are observed when doping with a single hole. For moderate hole-doping, we find phase separation between a hole-rich homogeneous state and the usual CDW state. Excitonic order is enhanced around the hole-rich region, locally manifesting the global competition between this and the CDW phase. Associated with the hole-doping is a fractionalization of the electron density between the itinerant and localized electrons. The calculated local density of states at the polaron centre reveals this fractionalization to be the result of charge fluctuations induced by the hybridization. We propose a scanning tunneling microscope experiment to test our results.
The density-matrix-renormalization-group method and the Hartree-Fock approximation with the charge-density-wave instability are used to study a formation and condensation of excitonic bound states in the generalized Falicov-Kimball model. In particular, we examine effects of various factors, such as the f-electronf\text{-electron}f-electron hopping, the local and nonlocal hybridizations, as well as the increasing dimension of the system on the excitonic momentum distribution N(q)N(q)N(q) and especially on the number of zero-momentum excitons N0=N(q=0){N}_{0}=N(q=0)N0​=N(q=0) in the condensate. It is found that the negative values of the f-electronf\text{-electron}f-electron hopping integrals tf{t}_{f}tf​ support the formation of a zero-momentum condensate, whereas the positive values of tf{t}_{f}tf​ have the fully opposite effect. The opposite effects on the formation of the condensate exhibit also the local and nonlocal hybridizations. The first one strongly supports the formation of the condensate, whereas the second one destroys it completely. Moreover, it was shown that the zero-momentum condensate remains robust with increasing dimension of the system.
We consider the excitonic insulator state (often associated with electronic ferroelectricity), which arises on the phase diagram of an extended spinless Falicov-Kimball model (FKM) at half-filling. Within the Hartree--Fock approach, we calculate the spectrum of low-energy collective excitations in this state up to second order in the narrow-band hopping and/or hybridization. This allows to probe the mean-field stability of the excitonic insulator. The latter is found to be unstable when the case of the pure FKM (no hybridization with a fully localized band) is approached. The instability is due to the presence of another, lower-lying ground state and not to the degeneracy of the excitonic phase in the pure FKM. The excitonic phase, however, may be stabilized further away from the pure FKM limit. In this case, the low-energy excitation spectrum contains important information about the properties of the excitonic condensate (including the strongly suppressed critical temperature).
The extended Falicov-Kimball model, with both an on-site hybridization potential and dispersive narrow band, is examined within the saddle-point approximation to the Kotliar-Ruckenstein [Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1362 (1986)] slave-boson theory. We first set the hybridization potential to zero and find that the phase diagram depends strongly on the orbital structure: for degenerate orbitals, a correlated-insulating state is found at sufficiently strong interaction strengths, whereas a finite orbital energy difference can lead to discontinuous valence transitions. The obtained phase diagram is very sensitive to the presence of a finite hybridization potential. As in Hartree-Fock theory, we find an enhancement of the hybridization by the interorbital Coulomb repulsion. The more precise treatment of correlation effects, however, leads to large deviations from the Hartree-Fock results. In the limit of vanishing hybridization, an excitonic insulator state is only found when the orbitals are degenerate, which restricts this phase to a much smaller parameter space than in other available mean-field theories.
The extended Falicov-Kimball model is analyzed exactly in the ground state at half filling in the limit of large dimensions. In the model the on-site and the intersite density-density interactions between all particles are included. We determined the model's phase diagram and found a discontinuous transition between two different charge-ordered phases. Our analytical calculations show that the ground state of the system is insulating for any nonzero values of the interaction couplings. We also show that the dynamical mean-field theory and the static broken-symmetry Hartree-Fock mean-field approximation give the same results for the model at zero temperature. In addition, we prove using analytical expressions that at infinitesimally small, but finite, temperatures the system can be metallic.