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arXiv:cond-mat/0504397 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Exact shock profile for the ASEP with sublattice-parallel update

Farhad H Jafarpour, F E Ghafari, S R Masharian

Published May 10, 2005• 16 citations
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Abstract

We analytically study the one-dimensional asymmetric simple exclusion process with open boundaries under sublattice-parallel updating scheme. We investigate the stationary state properties of this model conditioned on finding a given particle number in the system. Recent numerical investigations have shown that the model possesses three different phases in this case. Using a matrix product method we calculate both the exact canonical partition function and also density profiles of the particles in each phase. Application of the Yang–Lee theory reveals that the model undergoes two second-order phase transitions at critical points. These results confirm the correctness of our previous numerical studies.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/38/21/004

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We analytically study the one-dimensional asymmetric simple exclusion process with open boundaries under sublattice-parallel updating scheme. We investigate the stationary state properties of this model conditioned on finding a given particle number in the system. Recent numerical investigations have shown that the model possesses three different phases in this case. Using a matrix product method we calculate both the exact canonical partition function and also density profiles of the particles in each phase. Application of the Yang–Lee theory reveals that the model undergoes two second-order phase transitions at critical points. These results confirm the correctness of our previous numerical studies.
In recent years, one-dimensional driven diffusion models consisting of particles on a lattice have been studied. The most famous topics of these models are solvability and phase transitions. For example, the exact stationary-state solution of the asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) with an open boundary condition can be obtained as a matrix product form and its physical quantities exhibit boundary-induced phase transitions in the thermodynamic limit. There are three regimes, namely, maximal-current (MC) phase, low-density (LD) phase and high-density (HD) phase in the phase diagram. The two-species models or three-state models are also interesting. The stationary-state solutions of the two-species totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) with a periodic boundary condition and an open boundary condition can be obtained as matrix product forms. The model in ref. 6 exhibits two phases in which symmetry breaks spontaneously. Furthermore, the model in ref. 7 exhibits phase separation. In this note, the two-species TASEP with a new open boundary condition different from the condition in ref. 6 is introduced and we obtain the stationary-state solution exactly as a matrix product form and calculate the physical quantities in the thermodynamic limit. Let us consider a stochastic process on an L-site chain with two-species particles. We note j 1⁄4 0 if site j is empty, j 1⁄4 1 if site j is occupied by the first-class particle and j 1⁄4 2 if site j is occupied by the second-class particle. The exchange rule in the bulk of the chain is expressed as 10 ! 01 with a rate 1; ð1Þ 20 ! 02 with a rate 1; ð2Þ 12 ! 21 with a rate 1: ð3Þ
It is known that when the steady state of a one-dimensional multispecies system, which evolves via a random-sequential updating mechanism, is written in terms of a linear combination of Bernoulli shock measures with random-walk dynamics, it can be equivalently expressed as a matrix-product state. In this case the quadratic algebra of the system always has a two-dimensional matrix representation. Our investigations show that this equivalence exists at least for the systems with deterministic sublattice-parallel update. In this paper we consider the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process on a finite lattice with open boundaries and sublattice-parallel update as an example.
We present a solution for the stationary state of an asymmetric exclusion model with sequential update and open boundary conditions. We solve the model exactly for random hopping in both directions by applying a matrix-product formalism which was recently used to solve the model with sublattice-parallel update (Hinrichsen H 1995 Weizmann Inst. Preprint cond-mat/9512172). It is shown that the matrix-algebra describing the sequential update and sublattice-parallel update are identical and can be mapped onto the random sequential case treated by Derrida et al (Derrida B, Evans M R, Hakim V and Pasquier V 1993 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 26 1493).
A multi-species generalization of the asymmetric simple exclusion process is studied with ordered sequential and sub-lattice parallel updating schemes. In this model, particles hop with their own specific probabilities to their rightmost empty site and fast particles overtake slow ones with a definite probability. Using the matrix product ansatz technique, we obtain the relevant algebra and study the uncorrelated stationary state of the model both for an open system and on a ring. A complete comparison between the physical results in these updates and those of random sequential introduced in Karimipour V 1999 A multi-species ASEP and its relation to traffic flow Phys. Rev. E 59 205 and Karimipour V 1998 A multi-species ASEP, steady state and correlation functions on a periodic lattice Preprint cond-mat/9809193, is made.
In this paper it is shown that the steady state weights of the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with open boundaries and parallel update can be written as a product of a scalar pair-factorized and a matrix-product state. This type of state is also obtained for an ASEP on a ring in which particles can move one or two sites. The dynamics leads to the formation of an excess hole that plays the role of a defect. In the continuous-time limit the process recovers the ASEP with a single defect particle. The phase diagram shows a first-order phase transition between two phases with different defect velocities. These are calculated exactly from the process-generating function.
The open asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) has emerged as a paradigmatic model of nonequilibrium behavior, in part due to its complex dynamical behavior and wide physical applicability as a model of driven diffusion. We compare the dynamical phase behavior of the one-dimensional (1D) ASEP and the multi-lane ASEP, a previously unstudied extension of the 1D model that may be thought of as a finite-width strip of the fully two-dimensional (2D) system. Our characterization employs large deviation theory (LDT), matrix product states (MPS), and the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm, to compute the current cumulant generating function and its derivatives, which serve as dynamical order parameters. We use this measure to show that when particles cannot exit or enter the lattice vertically, the phase behavior of the multi-lane ASEP mimics that of its 1D counterpart, exhibiting the macroscopic and microscopic signatures of the maximal current, shock, and high-density-low-density coexistence phases. Conversely, when particles are allowed to freely enter and exit the lattice, no such transition is observed. This contrast emphasizes the complex interplay between latitudinal and longitudinal hopping rates and the effect of current biasing. Our results support the potential of tensor networks as a framework to understand classical nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.