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arXiv:cond-mat/0503367 · International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Early Universe Quantum Processes in BEC Collapse Experiments

Esteban Calzetta, B. L. Hu

Published Oct 1, 2005• 58 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s10773-005-8889-y

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Abstract The concept of the collapse of the wave function was introduced into quantum theory by John von Neumann in the early 1930s and has since become an integral part of the theory’s orthodox interpretation. But if we were to ask ourselves what evidence we have that this collapse is a real physical phenomenon, we would have to admit that we have none. The notion of a collapse is necessary to explain how a quantum system initially present in a linear superposition state before the process of measurement is converted into a quantum system present in one, and only one, of the measurement eigenstates after the process has occurred. It was introduced into the theory because it is our experience that pointers point in only one direction at a time.
A long-standing quantum-mechanical puzzle is whether the collapse of the wave function is a real physical process or simply an epiphenomenon. This puzzle lies at the heart of the measurement problem. One way to choose between the alternatives is to assume that one or the other is correct and attempt to draw physical, observable consequences which then could be empirically verified or ruled out. As a working hypothesis, we propose simple models of collapse as a real physical process for direct binary symmetric measurements made on one particle. This allows one to construct irreversible unstable Schrödinger equations capable of describing continuously the process of collapse induced by the interaction of the quantum system with the measuring device. Due to unknown initial conditions the collapse outcome remains unpredictable so no contradictions with quantum mechanics arise. Our theoretical framework predicts a finite time-scale of the collapse and links with experiment. Sensitive probes of the collapse dynamics could be done using Bose-Einstein condensates, ultracold neutrons or ultrafast optics. If confirmed, the formulation could be relevant to the transition from quantum fluctuations to classical inhomogeneities in early cosmology and to establishing the ultimate limits on the speed of quantum computation and information processing.
Abstract Spontaneous collapse models (CM) have been proposed as a possible solution of the quantum measurement problem. In CM the unitary evolution of the wave function is modified by stochastic corrections which lead to a dynamical reduction at macroscopic level. Unlike interpretations of quantum mechanics, CM predict departures from standard theory that can be experimentally tested. Here, we focus on one of these predictions, a universal force noise acting on any mechanical system. In particular, we discuss recent bounds on collapse models set by ultracold cantilevers experiments and gravitational wave detectors. First notable results are a partial exclusion of the CSL parameters proposed by Adler and a full exclusion of an early model based on quantum gravity ideas.