The nature of delocalization in a 1D system ruled by a tight-binding Hamiltonian is investigated. Using a local evaluation of the ground state energy, it is shown that the range of the delocalization effects is rather limited. The method is applied to 1/2 and 1/4 filled systems.
An upper bound to the ground-state energy of a tight-binding polaron (a polaron in a narrow band material) in a polar crystal is obtained, in the nonadiabatic limit, from a Hamiltonian that includes two contributions to the electron–phonon coupling: a short-range deformation potential interaction and a long-range dipolar interaction. A Debye cutoff on the phonon wave vectors is also assumed. A variational ground-state energy is deduced, using a modification of a tight-binding type Ansatz used in small-polaron theory, in the nonadiabatic limit. In the weak-coupling limit the ground state corresponds to that of a large polaron, while the strong-coupling limit gives a small-polaron state. The bandwidth greatly influences the state of the system and phase diagrams are presented that show the regions where the small and the large polarons are energetically favored. We find, in this variational context, that for a narrow band, the transition between the self-trapped state and the band state is continuous and that an intermediate-polaron state is involved. For a larger but moderate bandwidth, the system is found to switch abruptly from one state to the other, with a coexistence of both states around the transition region. Each of the two types of coupling is found to have an equivalent role in increasing the trapping energy of the electron and in reducing the bandwidth exponentially. Furthermore, their effect is cumulative.
Periodic driving provides a powerful route for controlling localization and engineering effective Hamiltonians in quantum systems. A localized one-dimensional Aubry-André chain can be driven into a fully delocalized phase when the entire system is driven below a critical frequency. Here, we ask whether such delocalization can be achieved by driving only a part of the system. We address this question using a two-leg ladder comprising an Aubry-André chain coupled to a periodically driven clean tight-binding chain. Exact numerical calculations show that, starting from a localized static ladder, subsystem driving below a critical frequency cannot achieve complete delocalization. Instead, a mixed phase emerges, with localized and delocalized states coexisting and the fraction of delocalized states varying nonmonotonically with the driving frequency. This behavior can be understood using local effective Hamiltonians. Although these effective Hamiltonians are derived analytically in the high-frequency regime, they can nevertheless predict the localization transition occurring in the moderate-frequency regime. In fact, by quantifying the emergent nonlocality of the Floquet Hamiltonian, we show that these effective Hamiltonians provide a valid description up to a crossover frequency that is lower than the critical frequency associated with the localization transition. Our results demonstrate an alternative route to Floquet engineering, in which the transport properties of a quantum lattice system can be modified by driving only a subsystem.