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arXiv:cond-mat/0410233 · AIP conference proceedings

Quasi-particle Dissipation in d-wave Superconductor Phase Qubit

Shiro Kawabata

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Recent phase sensitive experiments on high Tc superconductors, e.g., YBa2Cu3O7 single crystals, have established the d‐wave nature of the cuprate materials. Here we discuss how to make use of d‐wave Josephson junctions in the construction of a phase qubit. We especially focus on the effect of quasiparticle dissipation on the macroscopic quantum tunneling which corresponds to the measurement process for the d‐wave phase qubit.

DOI
10.1063/1.1834467

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d-wave Josephson Junctions

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The properties of d-wave YBCO Josephson junctions and dc-SQUIDs with high misorientation angles have been\nstudied experimentally .\nThe predominant d-wave symmetry of the pairing wavefunction in high-Tc superconductors has, to a large extent, been\na hinderance in applications, but it also makes it possible to fabricate devices with novel properties that may be suitable\nfor applications in the quantum regime; one particulary interesting property is a strong second harmonic component in the current-phase relation of\njunctions with the electrodes oriented in a node-lobe arrangement; so-called 0-45 junctions.\n\nThe work has been focused on the properties of grain-boundary 0-45 dc-SQUIDs: Their dc-properties as well\nas the effects of a strong second harmonic component on the dynamics have been studied experimentally and\nmodelled numerically. The experimental results can be explained by taking into account the meandering of\nthe grain boundary which in combination with a strong orientational dependence of the transport properties due to the\nd-wave symmetry results in interfaces with properties that change dramatically over a length scale of 50-100 nm.\n\nThe properties of grain-boundary YBCO 0-45 junctions have been studied in the quantum regime. Macroscopic\nquantum tunnelling has been demonstrated in these junctions and microwave spectroscopy is here used to verify\nthe presence of discrete energy levels. The quality factor of the junction has been experimentally determined to 40+-10, a much higher value than previously believed to be possible in high-Tc structures.\n\nFinally, the possibility of using high-T$_c$ structures to build qubits is discussed. There is now a renewed\ninterest in this possibility, especially in light of our recent results which\ndemonstrate that the inherent dissipation mechanisms are much less detrimental to coherent phenomena than previously feared.

•Jan 1, 2005•0 citations
Recent phase sensitive experiments on high Tc superconductors, e.g., YBa2Cu3O7 single crystals, have established the d‐wave nature of the cuprate materials. Here we discuss how to make use of d‐wave Josephson junctions in the construction of a phase qubit. We especially focus on the effect of quasiparticle dissipation on the macroscopic quantum tunneling which corresponds to the measurement process for the d‐wave phase qubit.
While Josephson-junction-like structures intrinsic to the layered cuprate high temperature superconductors offer an attractive stage for exploiting possible applications to new quantum technologies, the low energy quasiparticle excitations characteristically present in these d-wave superconductors may easily destroy the coherence required. Here we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of macroscopic quantum tunneling in the intrinsic Josephson junctions of a high temperature superconductor Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8 + delta), and find it to be characterized by a high classic-to-quantum crossover temperature and a relatively weak quasiparticle dissipation.
The escape rate from the zero voltage state in a superconducting Josephson junction (JJ) is determined by the temperature, but it saturates at low temperature due to macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT). Complications due to d-wave symmetry in a high temperature superconductor, like low energy quasiparticles and an unconventional current-phase relation, may influence the escape rate. We report, for the first time to our knowledge, the observation of MQT in a YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) grain boundary biepitaxial JJ. This proves that dissipation can be significantly reduced by a proper junction configuration, which is of significance for quantum coherence.
We study the Josephson junction between two d -wave superconductors, which is discussed as an implementation of a qubit. We propose an approach to calculate the decoherence time due to an intrinsic dissipative process: quantum tunneling between the two minima of the double-well potential excites nodal quasiparticles, which lead to incoherent damping of quantum oscillations. The decoherence is weakest in the mirror junction, where the contribution of nodal quasiparticles corresponds to the superohmic dissipation and becomes small at small tunnel splitting of the energy level in the double-well potential. For available experimental data, we estimate the quality factor.
We study quantum dynamics of and phase transitions in a Josephson junction between two planar d-wave superconductors where the processes of both quasiparticle and Cooper pair tunneling give rise to nonlocal dissipative terms in the effective action. By combining a perturbative weak coupling analysis in the charge representation with a variational approach in the phase representation at strong coupling, we ascertain a layout of the junction's phase diagram and discuss the corresponding behaviors.
We have theoretically investigated macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) and the influence of nodal quasiparticles and zero energy bound states (ZES) on MQT in s-wave/d-wave hybrid Josephson junctions. In contrast to d-wave/d-wave junctions, the low-energy quasiparticle dissipation resulting from nodal quasiparticles and ZES is suppressed due to a quasiparticle-tunneling blockade effect in an isotropic s-wave superconductor. Therefore, the inherent dissipation in these junctions is found to be weak. This result suggests high potential of s-wave/d-wave hybrid junctions for applications in quantum information devices.
The properties of d-wave YBCO Josephson junctions and dc-SQUIDs with high misorientation angles have been\nstudied experimentally .\nThe predominant d-wave symmetry of the pairing wavefunction in high-Tc superconductors has, to a large extent, been\na hinderance in applications, but it also makes it possible to fabricate devices with novel properties that may be suitable\nfor applications in the quantum regime; one particulary interesting property is a strong second harmonic component in the current-phase relation of\njunctions with the electrodes oriented in a node-lobe arrangement; so-called 0-45 junctions.\n\nThe work has been focused on the properties of grain-boundary 0-45 dc-SQUIDs: Their dc-properties as well\nas the effects of a strong second harmonic component on the dynamics have been studied experimentally and\nmodelled numerically. The experimental results can be explained by taking into account the meandering of\nthe grain boundary which in combination with a strong orientational dependence of the transport properties due to the\nd-wave symmetry results in interfaces with properties that change dramatically over a length scale of 50-100 nm.\n\nThe properties of grain-boundary YBCO 0-45 junctions have been studied in the quantum regime. Macroscopic\nquantum tunnelling has been demonstrated in these junctions and microwave spectroscopy is here used to verify\nthe presence of discrete energy levels. The quality factor of the junction has been experimentally determined to 40+-10, a much higher value than previously believed to be possible in high-Tc structures.\n\nFinally, the possibility of using high-Tc_cc​ structures to build qubits is discussed. There is now a renewed\ninterest in this possibility, especially in light of our recent results which\ndemonstrate that the inherent dissipation mechanisms are much less detrimental to coherent phenomena than previously feared.