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arXiv:cond-mat/0405671 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Resonances in a trapped 3D Bose–Einstein condensate under periodically varying atomic scattering length

F. Kh. Abdullaev, R. M. Galimzyanov, Marijana Brtka, R. A. Kraenkel

Published Aug 25, 2004• 25 citations
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Abstract

Nonlinear oscillations of a 3D radial symmetric Bose-Einstein condensate under periodic variation in time of the atomic scattering length have been studied analytically and numerically. The time-dependent variational approach is used for the analysis of the characteristics of nonlinear resonances in the oscillations of the condensate. The bistability in oscillations of the BEC width is invistigated. The dependence of the BEC collapse threshold on the drive amplitude and parameters of the condensate and trap is found. Predictions of the theory are confirmed by numerical simulations of the full Gross-Pitaevski equation.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/37/17/009

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Using the explicit numerical solution of the axially symmetric Gross–Pitaevskii equation, we study the oscillation of the Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) induced by a periodic variation in the atomic scattering length a. When the frequency of oscillation of a is an even multiple of the radial or axial trap frequency, respectively, the radial or axial oscillation of the condensate exhibits resonance with a novel feature. In this nonlinear problem without damping, at resonance in the steady state the amplitude of oscillation passes through a maximum and minimum. Such a growth and decay cycle of the amplitude may keep on repeating. Similar behaviour is also observed in a rotating BEC. 1.
We analytically and numerically study nonlinear dynamics in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) induced either by a harmonic modulation of the interaction or by the geometry of the trapping potential. To analytically describe BEC dynamics, we use a perturbative expansion based on the Poincaré–Lindstedt analysis of a Gaussian variational ansatz, whereas in the numerical approach we use numerical solutions of both a variational system of equations and the full time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation. The harmonic modulation of the atomic s-wave scattering length of a BEC of 7 Li was achieved recently via Feshbach resonance, and such a modulation leads to a number of nonlinear effects, which we describe within our approach: mode coupling, higher harmonics generation and significant shifts in the frequencies of collective modes. In addition to the strength of atomic interactions, the geometry of the trapping potential is another key factor for the dynamics of the condensate, as well as for its collective modes. The asymmetry of the confining potential leads to important nonlinear effects, including resonances in the frequencies of collective modes of the condensate. We study in detail such geometric resonances and derive explicit analytic results for frequency shifts for the case of an axially symmetric condensate with two- and three-body interactions. Analytically obtained results are verified by extensive numerical simulations.
The dynamics of weakly interacting three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), trapped in external axially symmetric plus anharmonic distortion potential are studied. Within a variational approach and time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation, the coupled condensate width equations are derived. By modulating anharmonic distortion of the trapping potential, nonlinear features are studied numerically and illustrated analytically, such as mode coupling of oscillation modes, and resonances. Furthermore, the stability of attractive interaction BEC in both repulsive and attractive anharmonic distortion is examined. We demonstrate that a small repulsive and attractive anharmonic distortion is effective in reducing (extending) the condensate stability region since it decreases (increases) the critical number of atoms in the trapping potential.
The collective oscillations of one-dimensional (1D) repulsive Bose gas with external harmonic confinement in two different regimes are studied. The first regime is the mean-field regime when the density is high. The second regime is the Tonks-Girardeau regime when the density is low. We investigate the resonances under periodic modulations of the trap potential and the effective nonlinearity. Modulations of the effective nonlinear coefficient result from modulations of the atomic scattering length by the Feshbach resonance method or variations of the transverse trap frequency. In the mean-field regime we predict bistability in the nonlinear oscillations of the condensate. In the Tonks-Girardeau regime the resonance has the character of a linear parametric resonance. In the case of rapid strong modulations of the nonlinear coefficient we find analytical expressions for the nonlinearity managed soliton width and the frequency of the slow secondary oscillations near the fixed point. We confirm the analytical predictions by direct numerical simulations of the 1D Gross-Pitaevskii equation and the effective nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with quintic nonlinearity and trap potential.
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