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arXiv:cond-mat/0405601

Detection of quantum noise from mesoscopic devices with an SIS detector

R. Deblock, Eugen Onac, Leonid Gurevich, Leo P. Kouwenhoven

Published May 26, 2004• 0 citations
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Abstract

Quantum mechanics can strongly influence the noise properties of mesoscopic devices. To probe this effect we have measured the current fluctuations at high-frequency (5-90G Hz) using a superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction as an on-chip spectrum analyzer. By coupling this frequency-resolved noise detector to a quantum device we can measure the high-frequency, non-symmetrized noise as demonstrated for a Josephson junction. The same scheme has been used to detect the current fluctuations arising from coherent charge oscillations in a two-level system, a superconducting charge qubit. A narrow band peak was observed in the spectral noise density at the frequency of the coherent charge oscillations.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0405601

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Quantum mechanics can strongly influence the noise properties of mesoscopic devices. To probe this effect we have measured the current fluctuations at high-frequency (5-90G Hz) using a superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction as an on-chip spectrum analyzer. By coupling this frequency-resolved noise detector to a quantum device we can measure the high-frequency, non-symmetrized noise as demonstrated for a Josephson junction. The same scheme has been used to detect the current fluctuations arising from coherent charge oscillations in a two-level system, a superconducting charge qubit. A narrow band peak was observed in the spectral noise density at the frequency of the coherent charge oscillations.
The electrical noise of mesoscopic devices can be strongly influenced by the quantum motion of electrons. To probe this effect, we have measured the current fluctuations at high frequency (5 to 90 gigahertz) using a superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction as an on-chip spectrum analyzer. By coupling this frequency-resolved noise detector to a quantum device, we can measure the high-frequency, nonsymmetrized noise as demonstrated for a Josephson junction. The same scheme is used to detect the current fluctuations arising from coherent charge oscillations in a two-level system, a superconducting charge qubit. A narrow band peak is observed in the spectral noise density at the frequency of the coherent charge oscillations.
We measure current fluctuations of mesoscopic devices in the quantum regime, when the frequency is of the order of or higher than the applied voltage or temperature. Detection is designed to probe separately the absorption and emission contributions of current fluctuations, i.e. the positive and negative frequencies of the Fourier transformed nonsymmetrized noise correlator. It relies on measuring the quasiparticles photon assisted tunneling current across a superconductor-insulator-superconductor junction (the detector junction) caused by the excess current fluctuations generated by quasiparticles tunneling across a Josephson junction (the source junction). We demonstrate unambiguously that the negative and positive frequency parts of the nonsymmetrized noise correlator are separately detected and that the excess current fluctuations of a voltage biased Josephson junction present a strong asymmetry between emission and absorption.
By coupling a quantum detector, a superconductor-insulator-superconductor junction, to a Josephson junction via a resonant circuit we probe the high-frequency properties, namely the ac complex admittance and the current fluctuations of the Josephson junction at the resonant frequencies. The admittance components show frequency-dependent singularities related to the superconducting density of states while the noise exhibits a strong frequency dependence, consistent with theoretical predictions. The circuit also allows us to probe separately the emission and absorption noise in the quantum regime of the superconducting resonant circuit at equilibrium. At low temperature the resonant circuit exhibits only absorption noise related to zero-point fluctuations, whereas at higher temperature emission noise is also present.
Using a quantum detector, a superconductor-insulator-superconductor junction, we probe separately the emission and absorption noise in the quantum regime of a superconducting resonant circuit at equilibrium. At low temperature the resonant circuit exhibits only absorption noise related to zero point fluctuations, whereas at higher temperature emission noise is also present. By coupling a Josephson junction, biased above the superconducting gap, to the same resonant circuit, we directly measure the noise power of quasiparticles tunneling through the junction at two resonance frequencies. It exhibits a strong frequency dependence, consistent with theoretical predictions.
We consider two representative problems that deal with the fluctuator-induced decoherence from two very different perspectives-microscopic and macroscopic. In the first part, we consider an individual two-level system inside a Josephson junction shunted by a resistor. If the TLS modulates the Josephson energy and/or is optically active, it can be Rabi driven by the Josephson oscillation. The Rabi oscillations, in turn, translate into oscillations of current and voltage which can be detected in noise measurements. This effect provides an option to fully characterize the TLS inside Josephson junction and to find the TLS's contribution to the decoherence when the junction is used as a qubit. In the second part, we study the contribution of an ensemble of non-stationary glassy charge fluctuators on qubit decoherence. Low-temperature dynamics of insulating glasses is dominated by a macroscopic concentration of tunneling two-level systems. Due to exponentially broad distribution of their tunneling rates and the finite experimental manipulation timescales, some of the fluctuators are temporarily stuck in high-energy non-thermal states. We find that at low enough temperatures, non-stationary contribution due to these slow non-thermal fluctuators can dominate the stationary (thermal) one, and discuss how this effect can be minimized.