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arXiv:cond-mat/0405159 · Physical Review Letters

Transfer and Storage of Vortex States in Light and Matter Waves

Zachary Dutton, Janne Ruostekoski

Published Nov 4, 2004• 119 citations
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Abstract

We theoretically explore the transfer of vortex states between atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and optical pulses using ultraslow and stopped light techniques. We find shining a coupling laser on a rotating two-component ground state condensate with a vortex lattice generates a probe laser field with optical vortices. We also find that optical vortex states can be robustly stored in the atomic superfluids for times, in Rb-87 condensates, limited only by the ground state coherence time.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.93.193602

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We theoretically explore the transfer of vortex states between atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and optical pulses using ultraslow and stopped light techniques. We find shining a coupling laser on a rotating two-component ground state condensate with a vortex lattice generates a probe laser field with optical vortices. We also find that optical vortex states can be robustly stored in the atomic superfluids for times, in Rb-87 condensates, limited only by the ground state coherence time.
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I n 1998, laser pulses were slowed [1] in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEe) [2] ofsodium to only 17 m/s, more than seven orders of magnitude lower than the speed of light in vacuum. Associated with the dramatic reduction factor for the light speed was a spatial compression of the pulses by the same large factor. A light pulse, which was more than 1 km long in vacuum, was compressed to a size of -50 flm, and at that point was completely contained within the condensate [1]. This allowed the light-slowing experiments to be brought to their ultimate extreme [3]: in the summer of 2000, light pulses were completely stopped, stored, and subsequently revived in an atomic medium, with millisecond storage times [4]. The initial ultra-slow light experiments spurred a flurry of slow light investigations, and slow or partially stopped light has now been observed in limited geometries in warm rubidium vapours [5-7], liquid-nitrogen cooled crystals [8], and recently in room temperature crystals [9]. Here, we begin with a discussion ofultra-slow and stopped light. We describe how cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates have been manipulated to generate media with extreme optical properties. While the initial experiments concentrated on the light propagation, we have recently begun a number of investigations of the effects that slow light has on the medium in which it propagates. Effects are profound because both the velocity and length scales associated with propagating light pulses have been brought down to match the characteristic velocity and length scales of the medium. With the most recent extension, the light roadblock [10], we have compressed light pulses to a length ofonly 2 f!ill. Here, we describe the use of ultra-compressed light pulses to probe superfluidity and the creation of quantized vortices in BEes through formation of'superfluid shock. waves'. We also present the observation of an ultra-slow-light-based, pulsed atom laser. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of slow and stopped light for manipulation of optical information, in particular in Bose-Einstein condensates that allow for phase coherent processing of three-dimensional, compressed patterns of stored optical information.
A coherent coupler is proposed to spin a Bose-Einstein condensate composed of ultracold alkali atoms into a vortex state. The proposal is based on a Raman transition induced by two copropagating ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ polarized Laguerre-Gaussian laser beams with different frequencies. We show that the transfer of angular momentum of photons to the condensed atoms through a Raman transition leads to a coherent coupling of the ground-state condensate to a rotating condensate in a vortex state. The detection of such a vortex state is discussed.
We describe the coherent transfer of the orbital angular momentum of a photon to an atom in quantized units of ℏ, using a 2-photon stimulated Raman process with Laguerre-Gaussian beams to generate an atomic vortex state in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of sodium atoms. We show that the process is coherent by creating superpositions of different vortex states, where the relative phase between the states is determined by the relative phases of the optical fields. We use this technique to generate circular flow of a BEC confined in a toriodal shaped trap. We measure that the flow of atoms persists for up to 10 seconds, which we interpret as the first evidence of persistent currents in a superfluid Bose gas.