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arXiv:cond-mat/0403570 · Physical Review A

Dynamics and Berry phase of two-species Bose-Einstein condensates

Z.-D. Chen, J.-Q. Liang, Shun-Qing Shen, Wenfang Xie

Published Feb 18, 2004• 69 citations
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Abstract

In terms of exact solutions of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for an effective giant spin modeled from a coupled two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with adiabatic and cyclic time-varying Raman coupling between two hyperfine states of the BEC, we obtain analytic time-evolution formulas of the population imbalance and relative phase between two components with various initial states, especially the SU(2) coherent state. We find the Berry phase depending on the number parity of atoms, and particle number dependence of the collapse revival of population-imbalance oscillation. It is shown that self-trapping and phase locking can be achieved from initial SU(2) coherent states with proper parameters.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.69.023611

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We examine in terms of exact solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, the quantum tunnelling process in Bose–Einstein condensates of two interacting species trapped in a double well configuration. Based on the two series of time-dependent SU(2) gauge transformations, we diagonalize the Hamilton operator and obtain analytic time-evolution formulas of the population imbalance and the berry phase. The particle population imbalance [Formula: see text] of species A between the two wells is studied analytically.
We describe the behavior of two coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in time-dependent (TD) trap potentials and TD Rabi (or tunneling) frequency using the two-mode approach. Starting from Bloch states, we succeed in obtaining analytical solutions for the TD Schr\"odinger equation and present a detailed analysis of the relative and geometric phases acquired by the wave function of the condensates, as well as their population imbalance. We also establish a connection between the geometric phases and constants of motion which characterize the dynamic of the system. Besides analyzing the affects of temporality on condensates that differ by hyperfine degrees of freedom (internal Josephson effect), we also do present a brief discussion of a one-species condensate in a double-well potential (external Josephson effect).
Based on the mean-field approximation and a phase-space analysis, we discuss the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in a double-well potential. The condensates are found to be trapped in the time-dependent eigenstates of the effective Hamiltonian; we refer to this effect as time-dependent self-trapping of BECs. By comparison of this self-trapping with the adiabatic evolution, we find that adiabatic evolution beyond the traditional adiabatic condition can be achieved in BECs. Furthermore, the population imbalance of the BECs in the wells can be controlled by manipulating the atom-atom couplings and the driving field. The fixed points for the system are also calculated and discussed.