Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:cond-mat/0312520 · Physical Review Letters

Controlled Vortex-Sound Interactions in Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensates

Nicholas G. Parker, Nick P. Proukakis, Carlo F. Barenghi, Charles S. Adams

Published Apr 20, 2004• 69 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The low temperature dynamics of a vortex in a trapped quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate are studied quantitatively. Precession of an off-centered vortex in a dimple trap, embedded in a weaker harmonic trap, leads to the emission of sound in a dipolar radiation pattern. Sound emission and reabsorption can be controlled by varying the depth of the dimple. In a shallow dimple, the power emitted is proportional to the vortex acceleration-squared over the precession frequency, whereas for a deep dimple, periodic sound reabsorption stabilizes the vortex against radiation-induced decay.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.92.160403

Related papers

Controlled vortex-sound interactions in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

Nicholas G. Parker, Nick P. Proukakis, Carlo Barenghi +1 more

The dynamics of vortex in a trapped quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which produce vortex-sound interaction was discussed. It was observed that a vortex precession in a trapped quasi-2D BEC at low temperature emits dipolar radiation, which becomes modified into a spiral wave pattern due to the motion of the vortex. The results show that the vortex energy decays at a rate proportional to its acceleration squared and inversely proportional to the precession frequency. It was suggested that sound emission and reabsorption can be controlled by varying the depth of the dimple.

•Dec 31, 2004•0 citations

Soliton-Sound Interactions in Quasi-One-Dimensional Bose-Einstein Condensates

Nicholas G. Parker, Nick P. Proukakis, M. L. Leadbeater +1 more

Longitudinal confinement of dark solitons in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates leads to sound emission and reabsorption. We perform quantitative studies of the dynamics of a soliton oscillating in a tight dimple trap, embedded in a weaker harmonic trap. The dimple depth provides a sensitive handle to control the soliton-sound interaction. In the limit of no reabsorption, the power radiated is found to be proportional to the soliton acceleration squared. An experiment is proposed to detect sound emission as a change in amplitude and frequency of soliton oscillations.

arXiv:cond-mat/0212278•Physical Review Letters•Jun 6, 2003•83 citations

Soliton-Sound Interactions in Quasi-One-Dimensional Bose-Einstein Condensates

NG Parker, Nick P. Proukakis, M. Leadbeater +1 more

Longitudinal confinement of dark solitons in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates leads to sound emission and reabsorption. We perform quantitative studies of the dynamics of a soliton oscillating in a tight dimple trap, embedded in a weaker harmonic trap. The dimple depth provides a sensitive handle to control the soliton-sound interaction. In the limit of no reabsorption, the power radiated is found to be proportional to the soliton acceleration squared. An experiment is proposed to detect sound emission as a change in amplitude and frequency of soliton oscillations.

•Dec 31, 2003•0 citations

Numerical studies of vortices and dark solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

Nicholas Parker

Dilute atomic Bose-Einstein condensates support intriguing macroscopic excitations in the form of quantized vortices and dark solitons. In this thesis we present extensive quantitative studies of the dynamics of these phenomena in the limit of zero temperature, performed by numerical simulation of the Gross- Pitaevskii equation. We show that vortices and dark solitons are inherently unstable to acceleration through the condensate, leading to the emission of sound waves. Indeed, for a single vortex/soliton, the power emitted is proportional to the square of the local acceleration. However, due to the finite size of the condensate, the vortex/soliton reinteracts with the emitted sound. This coupling has an important effect on the ensuing dynamics, and we illustrate how it can be engineered to induce net decay, stabilise, or even drive energy into the vortex/soliton. Under the harmonic confinement typically employed to trap the condensates, the acceleration-induced decay is stabilised by reabsorption of the emitted sound. However, by modifying the trap geometry, e.g. by adding an inner dimple in which the soliton resides or an optical lattice potential, it is possible to break this equilibrium and so induce a net decay of the vortex/soliton in a controllable manner. The decay rate can be considerable and should be observable under current experimental conditions. The dynamical stability of quantized vortices is also relevant to the field of turbulence in superfluid Helium, where the motion of the vortices is induced by the surrounding distribution of vortices rather than density. We extend these results to this field, and additionally consider the interactions between two and three vortices, which are also found to involve sound emission. By exciting the sound field of the condensate it is possible to drive parametrically energy into a dark soliton. In a real dissipative environment, this can be used to stabilise the soliton decay. Finally, we illustrate the links between dark solitons and vortices: a dark soliton embedded in a three-dimensional system is prone to decay into vortex rings, while a vortex in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry cannot be supported and exists as a hybrid between a vortex and dark soliton, known as a solitonic vortex.

•Jan 1, 2004•19 citations

Coherent cross talk and parametric driving of matter-wave vortices

Nicholas G. Parker, AJ Allen, Carlo F. Barenghi +1 more

We show that the interaction between vortices and sound waves in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates can be elucidated in a double-well trap: With one vortex in each well, the sound emitted by each precessing vortex can be driven into the opposing vortex (if of the same polarity). This cross talk leads to a periodic exchange of energy between the vortices which is long range and highly efficient. The increase in vortex energy (obtained by simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation) is experimentally observable as a migration of the vortex to higher density over just a few precession periods. Similar effects can be controllably engineered by introducing a precessing localized obstacle into one well as an artificial generator of sound, thereby demonstrating the parametric driving of energy into a vortex.

arXiv:1109.0039•Physical Review A•Jul 20, 2012•16 citations

Hydrodynamic approach to vortex lifetimes in trapped Bose condensates

Emil Lundh, Ping Ao

We study a vortex in a two-dimensional, harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature. Through a variational calculation using a trial condensate wave function and a nonlinear Schr\"odinger Lagrangian, we obtain the effective potential experienced by a vortex at an arbitrary position in the condensate, and find that an off-center vortex will move in a circular trajectory around the trap center. We find the frequency of this precession to be smaller than the elementary excitation frequencies in the cloud. We also study the radiation of sound from a moving vortex in an infinite, uniform system, and discuss the validity of this as an approximation for the trapped case. Furthermore, we estimate the lifetime of a vortex due to imperfections in the trapping potential.

arXiv:cond-mat/9910233•Physical Review A•May 17, 2000•87 citations
The low temperature dynamics of a vortex in a trapped quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate are studied quantitatively. Precession of an off-centered vortex in a dimple trap, embedded in a weaker harmonic trap, leads to the emission of sound in a dipolar radiation pattern. Sound emission and reabsorption can be controlled by varying the depth of the dimple. In a shallow dimple, the power emitted is proportional to the vortex acceleration-squared over the precession frequency, whereas for a deep dimple, periodic sound reabsorption stabilizes the vortex against radiation-induced decay.
The dynamics of vortex in a trapped quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which produce vortex-sound interaction was discussed. It was observed that a vortex precession in a trapped quasi-2D BEC at low temperature emits dipolar radiation, which becomes modified into a spiral wave pattern due to the motion of the vortex. The results show that the vortex energy decays at a rate proportional to its acceleration squared and inversely proportional to the precession frequency. It was suggested that sound emission and reabsorption can be controlled by varying the depth of the dimple.
Longitudinal confinement of dark solitons in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates leads to sound emission and reabsorption. We perform quantitative studies of the dynamics of a soliton oscillating in a tight dimple trap, embedded in a weaker harmonic trap. The dimple depth provides a sensitive handle to control the soliton-sound interaction. In the limit of no reabsorption, the power radiated is found to be proportional to the soliton acceleration squared. An experiment is proposed to detect sound emission as a change in amplitude and frequency of soliton oscillations.
Longitudinal confinement of dark solitons in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates leads to sound emission and reabsorption. We perform quantitative studies of the dynamics of a soliton oscillating in a tight dimple trap, embedded in a weaker harmonic trap. The dimple depth provides a sensitive handle to control the soliton-sound interaction. In the limit of no reabsorption, the power radiated is found to be proportional to the soliton acceleration squared. An experiment is proposed to detect sound emission as a change in amplitude and frequency of soliton oscillations.
Dilute atomic Bose-Einstein condensates support intriguing macroscopic excitations in the form of quantized vortices and dark solitons. In this thesis we present extensive quantitative studies of the dynamics of these phenomena in the limit of zero temperature, performed by numerical simulation of the Gross- Pitaevskii equation. We show that vortices and dark solitons are inherently unstable to acceleration through the condensate, leading to the emission of sound waves. Indeed, for a single vortex/soliton, the power emitted is proportional to the square of the local acceleration. However, due to the finite size of the condensate, the vortex/soliton reinteracts with the emitted sound. This coupling has an important effect on the ensuing dynamics, and we illustrate how it can be engineered to induce net decay, stabilise, or even drive energy into the vortex/soliton. Under the harmonic confinement typically employed to trap the condensates, the acceleration-induced decay is stabilised by reabsorption of the emitted sound. However, by modifying the trap geometry, e.g. by adding an inner dimple in which the soliton resides or an optical lattice potential, it is possible to break this equilibrium and so induce a net decay of the vortex/soliton in a controllable manner. The decay rate can be considerable and should be observable under current experimental conditions. The dynamical stability of quantized vortices is also relevant to the field of turbulence in superfluid Helium, where the motion of the vortices is induced by the surrounding distribution of vortices rather than density. We extend these results to this field, and additionally consider the interactions between two and three vortices, which are also found to involve sound emission. By exciting the sound field of the condensate it is possible to drive parametrically energy into a dark soliton. In a real dissipative environment, this can be used to stabilise the soliton decay. Finally, we illustrate the links between dark solitons and vortices: a dark soliton embedded in a three-dimensional system is prone to decay into vortex rings, while a vortex in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry cannot be supported and exists as a hybrid between a vortex and dark soliton, known as a solitonic vortex.
We show that the interaction between vortices and sound waves in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates can be elucidated in a double-well trap: With one vortex in each well, the sound emitted by each precessing vortex can be driven into the opposing vortex (if of the same polarity). This cross talk leads to a periodic exchange of energy between the vortices which is long range and highly efficient. The increase in vortex energy (obtained by simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation) is experimentally observable as a migration of the vortex to higher density over just a few precession periods. Similar effects can be controllably engineered by introducing a precessing localized obstacle into one well as an artificial generator of sound, thereby demonstrating the parametric driving of energy into a vortex.
We study a vortex in a two-dimensional, harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature. Through a variational calculation using a trial condensate wave function and a nonlinear Schr\"odinger Lagrangian, we obtain the effective potential experienced by a vortex at an arbitrary position in the condensate, and find that an off-center vortex will move in a circular trajectory around the trap center. We find the frequency of this precession to be smaller than the elementary excitation frequencies in the cloud. We also study the radiation of sound from a moving vortex in an infinite, uniform system, and discuss the validity of this as an approximation for the trapped case. Furthermore, we estimate the lifetime of a vortex due to imperfections in the trapping potential.