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arXiv:cond-mat/0312130 · Physical Review A

Entanglement in a first-order quantum phase transition

Julien Vidal, Rémy Mosseri, J. Dukelsky

Published May 12, 2004• 154 citations
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Abstract

We analyze the entanglement properties of the ground state for a system of spins half embedded in a magnetic field, mutually interacting antiferromagnetically. Contrary to the ferromagnetic case where a second-order quantum phase transition occurs, a first-order transition is obtained at zero field and the so-called concurrence which measures the two-spin entanglement displays a jump at the transition point.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.69.054101

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We analyze the entanglement properties of the ground state for a system of spins half embedded in a magnetic field, mutually interacting antiferromagnetically. Contrary to the ferromagnetic case where a second-order quantum phase transition occurs, a first-order transition is obtained at zero field and the so-called concurrence which measures the two-spin entanglement displays a jump at the transition point.
We consider a system of mutually interacting spins 1/2 embedded in a transverse magnetic field which undergoes a second-order quantum phase transition. We analyze the entanglement properties and the spin squeezing of the ground state and show that, contrarily to the one-dimensional case, a cusplike singularity appears at the critical point ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{c}$ in the thermodynamical limit. We also show that there exists a value ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}>~{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{c}$ above which the ground state is not spin squeezed despite a nonvanishing concurrence.
We show that, for an exactly solvable quantum spin model, a discontinuity in the first derivative of the ground-state concurrence appears in the absence of a quantum phase transition. It is opposed to the popular belief that the nonanalyticity property of ground-state concurrence can be used to determine quantum phase transitions. We further point out that the analyticity property of the ground-state concurrence in general can be more intricate than that of the ground-state energy. Thus there is no one-to-one correspondence between quantum phase transitions and the nonanalyticity property of the concurrence. Moreover, we show that the von Neumann entropy, as another measure of entanglement, cannot reveal quantum phase transitions in the present model. Therefore, in order to link with quantum phase transitions, some other measures of entanglement are needed.
In this paper, we consider some frustrated spin models for which the ground states are known exactly. The concurrence, a measure of the amount of entanglement can be calculated exactly for entangled spin pairs. Quantum phase transitions involving macroscopic magnetization changes at critical values of the magnetic field are accompanied by macroscopic jumps in the T=0T=0T=0 entanglement. A specific example is given in which magnetization plateaus give rise to a plateau structure in the amount of entanglement associated with nearest-neighbor bonds. We further show that macroscopic entanglement changes can occur in quantum phase transitions brought about by the tuning of exchange interaction strengths.
We discuss entanglement in the spin-1∕2 anisotropic ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain in the presence of a boundary magnetic field generating domain walls. By increasing the magnetic field, the model undergoes a first-order quantum phase transition from a ferromagnetic to a kink-type phase, which is associated to a jump in the content of entanglement available in the system. Above the critical point, pairwise entanglement is shown to be nonvanishing and independent of the boundary magnetic field for large chains. Based on this result, we provide an analytical expression for the entanglement between arbitrary spins. Moreover, the effects of the quantum domains on the gapless region and for antiferromagnetic anisotropy are numerically analyzed. Finally multiparticle entanglement properties are considered, from which we establish a characterization of the critical anisotropy separating the gapless regime from the kink-type phase.