An improvement of the energy renormalization group method is proposed for systems with small gap, based on the projection methods developed by Feshbach. It is tested for the ground-state energy of the one-dimensional tight-binding model.
A newly developed energy renormalization-group method for electronic structure of large systems with small Fermi gaps within a tight-binding framework is presented in detail. A telescopic series of nested Hilbert spaces is constructed, having exponentially decreasing dimensions and electrons, for which the Hamiltonian matrices have exponentially converging energy ranges focusing to the Fermi level and in which the contribution to the density matrix is a sparse contribution. The computational effort scales near linearly with system size even when the density matrix is highly nonlocal. This is illustrated by calculations on a model metal, a small radius carbon-nanotube and a two-dimensional puckered sheet polysilane semiconductor.
We present an upper bound on the energy gap above the ground energy in terms of the variance of the particle position in one-particle tight-binding systems. Our inequality gives a complementary relationship between the energy gap and the localization of the particle; that is, the energy gap narrows as the ground state spreads spatially, while the energy gap can broaden as the ground state becomes localized. We first consider the ground state in one-dimensional tight-binding systems and relate the energy gap to the variance of the particle position in the ground state. We then extend the result to higher-dimensional systems. We compare our upper bound with the exact energy gap as calculated numerically in one and two dimensions; this comparison confirms that our upper bound places a tight restriction on the energy gap.
I apply a two-step density-matrix renormalization group method to the anisotropic two-dimensional Hubbard model. As a prelude to this study, I compare the numerical results to the exact one for the tight-binding model. I find a ground-state energy which agrees with the exact value up to four digits for systems as large as $24\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}25$. I then apply the method to the interacting case. I find that for strong Hubbard interaction, the ground state is dominated by magnetic correlations. These correlations are robust even in the presence of strong frustration. Interchain pair tunneling is negligible in the singlet and triplet channels and is not enhanced by frustration. For weak Hubbard couplings, due to interchain interaction, interchain nonlocal singlet pair tunneling is enhanced and magnetic correlations are strongly reduced. This suggests a possible superconductive ground state. The pairing mechanism is reminiscent of the Kohn-Luttinger mechanism.