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arXiv:cond-mat/0310362 · Few-Body Systems

Three-Body Recombination in Ultracold Systems: Prediction of Weakly-Bound Atomic Trimer Energies

Lauro Tomio, V. S. Filho, M. T. Yamashita, A. Gammal, T. Frederico

Published May 1, 2004• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s00601-004-0038-2

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The experimental three-atom recombination coefficients of the atomic states ${}^{23}\mathrm{Na}|{F=1,m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1〉,$ ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}|{F=1,m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1〉,$ and ${}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}|{F=2,m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}2〉,$ together with the corresponding two-body scattering lengths, allow predictions of the trimer bound-state energies for such systems in a trap. The recombination parameter is given as a function of the weakly bound trimer energies, which are in the interval $1<m(a/\ensuremath{\Elzxh}{)}^{2}{E}_{3}<6.9$ for large positive scattering lengths a.a.a. The contribution of a deep-bound state to our prediction, in the case of ${}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}|{F=2,m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}2〉,$ for a particular trap, is shown to be relatively small.
Three interacting particles form a system which is well known for its complex physical behavior. A landmark theoretical result in few-body quantum physics is Efimov's prediction of a universal set of weakly bound trimer states appearing for three identical bosons with a resonant two-body interaction. Surprisingly, these states even exist in the absence of a corresponding two-body bound state and their precise nature is largely independent of the particular type of the two-body interaction potential. Efimov's scenario has attracted great interest in many areas of physics; an experimental test however has not been achieved. We report the observation of an Efimov resonance in an ultracold thermal gas of cesium atoms. The resonance occurs in the range of large negative two-body scattering lengths and arises from the coupling of three free atoms to an Efimov trimer. We observe its signature as a giant three-body recombination loss when the strength of the two-body interaction is varied near a Feshbach resonance. This resonance develops into a continuum resonance at non-zero collision energies, and we observe a shift of the resonance position as a function of temperature. We also report on a minimum in the recombination loss for positive scattering lengths, indicating destructive interference of decay pathways. Our results confirm central theoretical predictions of Efimov physics and represent a starting point from which to explore the universal properties of resonantly interacting few-body systems.