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arXiv:cond-mat/0308567 · Annals of Physics

Quantum electrodynamic fluctuations of the macroscopic Josephson phase

Heiner Kohler, F. Guinea, Fernando Sols

Published Oct 11, 2003• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.aop.2003.08.014

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We investigate the dynamics of bosonic atoms in elongated Josephson junctions. We find that these systems are characterized by an intrinsic coupling between the Josephson mode of macroscopic quantum tunneling and the sound modes. This coupling of Josephson and sound modes gives rise to a damped and stochastic Langevin dynamics for the Josephson degree of freedom. From a microscopic Lagrangian, we deduce and investigate the damping coefficient and the stochastic noise, which includes thermal and quantum fluctuations. Finally, we study the time evolution of relative-phase and population-imbalance fluctuations of the Josephson mode and their oscillating thermalization to equilibrium.
Macroscopic quantum electrodynamics (MQED) provides a unified framework for describing quantum electromagnetic fields in arbitrary macroscopic environments. Central to this theory is the field correlation, which governs both radiative (e.g., Lamb shifts and the Purcell effect) and mechanical phenomena, such as van der Waals and Casimir forces. In this tutorial, we provide an overview of MQED and its extension to active media, highlighting fluctuation-induced forces as manifestations of gain-modified field correlations.
Summary form only given. The recent experimental observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of trapped, dilute gas of alkali atoms, and their manipulation have opened a new chapter in the physics of systems involving the interplay of macroscopics and quantum coherence. Here, we study the 'secondary' quantum effects, i.e., the quantum corrections to the semi-classical Gross-Pitaevskii equation, for two weakly-linked Bose-Einstein condensates. We hence generalize the Josephson current-phase relations by including the effects of quantum fluctuations of the pertinent observables. Such equations will also describe the quantum fluctuations in the Josephson dynamics between two weakly linked mesoscopic superconducting grains.