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arXiv:cond-mat/0307464

Fast rotation of an ultra-cold Bose gas

Vincent Bretin, Sabine Stock, Yannick Seurin, Jean Dalibard

Published Jul 18, 2003• 3 citations
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Abstract

We study the rotation of a $^{87}$Rb Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a magnetic trap to which a focused, off resonant gaussian laser beam is superimposed. The confining potential is well approximated by the sum of a quadratic and a quartic term which allows to increase the rotation frequency of the gas above the trap frequency. In this fast rotation regime we observe a dramatic change in the appearance of the quantum gas. The vortices which were easily detectable for a slower rotation become much less visible, and their surface density is well below the value expected for this rotation frequency domain. We discuss some possible tracks to account for this effect.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0307464

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We study the rotation of a 87^{87}87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a magnetic trap to which a focused, off resonant gaussian laser beam is superimposed. The confining potential is well approximated by the sum of a quadratic and a quartic term which allows to increase the rotation frequency of the gas above the trap frequency. In this fast rotation regime we observe a dramatic change in the appearance of the quantum gas. The vortices which were easily detectable for a slower rotation become much less visible, and their surface density is well below the value expected for this rotation frequency domain. We discuss some possible tracks to account for this effect.
We study the rotation of a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a quadratic plus quartic potential. This trap configuration allows one to increase the rotation frequency of the gas above the trap frequency. In such a fast rotation regime we observe a dramatic change in the appearance of the quantum gas. The vortices which were easily detectable for a slower rotation become much less visible, and their surface density is well below the value expected for this rotation frequency domain. We discuss some possible tracks to account for this effect.
In this short review we present our recent results concerning the rotation of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates confined in quadratic or quartic potentials, and give an overview of the field. We first describe the procedure used to set an atomic gas in rotation and briefly discuss the physics of condensates containing a single vortex line. We then address the regime of fast rotation in harmonic traps, where the rotation frequency is close to the trapping frequency. In this limit the Landau Level formalism is well suited to describe the system. The problem of the condensation temperature of a fast rotating gas is discussed, as well as the equilibrium shape of the cloud and the structure of the vortex lattice. Finally we review results obtained with a quadratic + quartic potential, which allows to study a regime where the rotation frequency is equal to or larger than the harmonic trapping frequency.
We study rotational motion of an interacting atomic Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a quadratic-plus-quartic potential. We calculate the lowest energy surface mode frequency and show that a symmetric trapped (harmonic and quartic) Bose-Einstein condensate breaks the rotational symmetry of the Hamiltonian when rotational frequency is greater than one-half of the lowest energy surface mode frequency. We argue that the formation of a vortex is not possible in a noninteracting as well as in an attractive Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a harmonic trap due to the absence of the spontaneous shape deformation, but it can occur which leads to the vortex formation if we add an additional quartic potential. Moreover, the spontaneous shape deformation and consequently the formation of a vortex in an attractive system depends on the strengths of the two-body interaction and the quartic potential.
We study rotational motion of an interacting atomic Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a quadratic-plus-quartic potential. We calculate the lowest energy surface mode frequency and show that a symmetric trapped (harmonic and quartic) Bose-Einstein condensate breaks the rotational symmetry of the Hamiltonian when rotational frequency is greater than one-half of the lowest energy surface mode frequency. We argue that the formation of a vortex is not possible in a non-interacting as well as in an attractive Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a harmonic trap due to the absence of the spontaneous shape deformation, but it can occur which leads to the vortex formation if we add an additional quartic potential. Moreover, the spontaneous shape deformation and consequently the formation of a vortex in an attractive system depends on the strengths of the two-body interaction and the quartic potential.