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arXiv:cond-mat/0305200 · Physical Review A

Nonadiabatic loading of a Bose-Einstein condensate into the ground state of an optical lattice

Angela S. Mellish, G. Duffy, Callum R. McKenzie, R. Geursen, A. C. Wilson

Published Nov 5, 2003• 25 citations
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Abstract

We present a scheme for rapidly loading a Bose-Einstein condensate into a single Bloch state of a weak optical lattice at a quasimomentum of $q=\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k.$ Rabi cycling of the Bose-Einstein condensate between momentum states is modified by a phase shift applied to the lattice. By appropriately choosing the magnitude and timing of the phase shift, we demonstrate nearly perfect loading of the lattice ground state, the signature of which is an abrupt halt to the Rabi cycling.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.68.051601

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We present a scheme for rapidly loading a Bose-Einstein condensate into a single Bloch state of a weak optical lattice at a quasimomentum of q=\ensuremath\Elzxhk.q=\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k.q=\ensuremath\Elzxhk. Rabi cycling of the Bose-Einstein condensate between momentum states is modified by a phase shift applied to the lattice. By appropriately choosing the magnitude and timing of the phase shift, we demonstrate nearly perfect loading of the lattice ground state, the signature of which is an abrupt halt to the Rabi cycling.
We present a scheme for nonadiabatically loading a Bose-Einstein condensate into the ground state of a one-dimensional optical lattice within a few tens of microseconds, i.e., typically in less than half the Talbot period. This technique of coherent control is based on sequences of pulsed perturbations, and the experimental results demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness. As the loading process is much shorter than the traditional adiabatic loading time scale, this method may find many applications.
A protocol is proposed for the rapid coherent loading of a Bose-Einstein condensate into the ground state of an optical lattice, without residual excitation associated with the breakdown of adiabaticity. The driving potential required to assist the rapid loading is derived using the fast-forward technique, and generates the ground state in any desired short time. We propose an experimentally feasible loading scheme using a bichromatic lattice potential, which approximates the fast-forward driving potential with high fidelity.
We present a shortcuts-to-adiabaticity protocol to load a spin-polarized ultracold Fermi gas from the ground ( s ) band into the first excited ( p ) band of a one-dimensional optical lattice. In contrast to a Bose-Einstein condensate in a shallow lattice—whose narrow quasimomentum distribution admits uniform lattice modulation—a noninteracting Fermi gas occupies the entire first Brillouin zone, rendering high-efficiency transfer across all momentum classes exceptionally challenging. To address this, we cast the loading process as a global, multiparameter optimization problem: We jointly optimize the timing of lattice-depth pulses and the corresponding phase shifts to maximize the ensemble-averaged transfer fidelity over all quasimomentum states. We demonstrate that fine phase tuning dramatically enhances loading efficiency, though the mean fidelity systematically decreases as more quasimomentum modes are occupied. Finally, we benchmark our shortcuts-to-adiabaticity protocol against established high-band-loading methods, underscoring its minimal hardware requirements and submillisecond timescales. Our work provides a practical path for rapid, high-fidelity preparation of Fermi gases in excited lattice orbitals, opening avenues for exploring orbital dynamics, anisotropic interactions, and many-body phenomena.
We have experimentally studied the unstable dynamics of a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate loaded into a 1D moving optical lattice. The lifetime of the condensate in such a potential exhibits a dramatic dependence on the quasimomentum state. This is unambiguously attributed to the onset of dynamical instability, after a comparison with the predictions of the Gross-Pitaevskii theory. Deeply in the unstable region we observe the rapid appearance of complex structures in the atomic density profile, as a consequence of the condensate phase uniformity breakdown.
It has been proposed that the adiabatic loading of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) into an optical lattice via the Mott-insulator transition can be used to initialize a quantum computer [D. Jaksch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3108 (1998)]. The loading of a BEC into the lattice without causing band excitation is readily achievable; however, unless one switches on an optical lattice very slowly, the optical lattice causes a phase to accumulate across the condensate. We show analytically and numerically that a cancellation of this effect is possible by adjusting the harmonic trap force constant of the magnetic trap appropriately, thereby facilitating quick loading of an optical lattice for quantum computing purposes. A simple analytical theory is developed for a nonstationary BEC in a harmonic trap.
We present a detailed numerical study of a protocol for momentum-selective transport of a Bose–Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional optical lattice, achieving narrow momentum distributions through controlled nonadiabatic dynamics. The protocol consists of nonadiabatic loading into the lattice, coherent acceleration using a symmetric trapezoidal acceleration profile, and nonadiabatic release into free space. Using the time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation, we simulate the full sequence and analyze the role of nonadiabatic excitations on the final momentum distribution. We identify the intrasite breathing dynamics as the dominant mechanism governing spectral purity under fast loading conditions. By tracking the condensate's spatial width during the evolution, we demonstrate a direct correlation with the final momentum spread. A variational model based on a Gaussian ansatz quantitatively reproduces the observed dynamics and provides physical insight into the breathing mechanism. Our results reveal the existence of “magic” times, i.e., specific loading or acceleration durations synchronized with the breathing oscillation period, where quasimonochromatic momentum distributions can be achieved even with loading times as short as 100 μs. In the tight-binding regime, this approach offers speedup factors of 3 to 6 compared to adiabatic protocols while maintaining high transfer fidelities, providing a practical route to coherent transport for quantum sensors operating under stringent timing constraints.