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arXiv:cond-mat/0211054 · Physical Review Letters

Antiholons in One-Dimensional t−J Models

C. Lavalle, Mitsuhiro Arikawa, Sylvain Capponi, Fakher F. Assaad, A. Muramatsu

Published May 27, 2003• 18 citations
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Abstract

Using a newly developed hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm for the nearest-neighbor (nn) $t\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}J$ model, we show that antiholons identified in the supersymmetric inverse squared (IS) $t\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}J$ model are clearly visible in the electron-addition spectrum of the nn $t\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}J$ model at $J=2t$ and also for $J=0.5t$, a value of experimental relevance.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.90.216401

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Using a newly developed hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm for the nearest-neighbor (nn) t\ensuremath-Jt\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}Jt\ensuremath-J model, we show that antiholons identified in the supersymmetric inverse squared (IS) t\ensuremath-Jt\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}Jt\ensuremath-J model are clearly visible in the electron-addition spectrum of the nn t\ensuremath-Jt\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}Jt\ensuremath-J model at J=2tJ=2tJ=2t and also for J=0.5tJ=0.5tJ=0.5t, a value of experimental relevance.
In this work, we present results for the dynamics of the doped one-dimensional t-J model for very large systems and in a wide parameter range. These results are obtained by quantum Monte Carlo simulation based on a newly developed algorithm, the hybrid-loop Monte Carlo. Within this algorithm the loop-algorithm is used to update the spin degrees of freedom, assuring optimal efficiency, whereas the charge degrees of freedom are evolved exactly for a given spin background in the frame of the determinantal algorithm, so that both static and dynamical observables can be measured. The study of the one-particle spectral function in the whole Luttinger-liquid regime of the phase diagram shows a splitting of the spectral weight into two branches on the inverse photoemission side, in contradiction with what is expected for an ordinary metal. This feature can be understood if we assume that the elementary excitation content of the nearest-neighbor t-J model and their dispersion is the same as the one analytically obtained at J/t=2 from a t-J model with both hopping and exchange interaction decaying as 1/r². In this case the elementary excitations are spinons with charge Q=0 and spin S=1/2, holons with charge Q=-e and spin S=0, and antiholon with charge Q=2e and spin S=0. Since the antiholon has twice the mass of the holon and charge with opposite sign, holon and antiholon are not charge conjugate but two independent elementary excitations. The agreement between the analytic results derived from our assumptions and the Monte Carlo data for a wide range of parameters and for different values of doping strongly indicate, that antiholons are generic excitations in the nearest-neighbor t-J model. Since the quantum numbers of the antiholons are the same as those of for a Cooper pair, the question arises whether these new excitations are related to superconductivity, that is indeed one of the possible phases in the one-dimensional nearest-neighbor t-J model. A further study of the system in the phase-separated region shows that the spectral function is very discontinuous in the photoemission side. This feature reminds an interference scenario generated by superposition of a continuous dispersion with a regular pattern. The nature of a phase-separated regime in a simulation with periodic boundary condition can be the origin of the regular pattern.
We give a brief review of recent developments by the variational Monte Carlo method, in addition to some new results. We discuss ttt-JJJ-type models: the ordinary ttt-JJJ model in one and two dimensions, and the one-dimensional supersymmetric ttt-JJJ model with the long-range coupling of inverse square.
The electron addition spectrum A+(k,omega) is obtained analytically for the one-dimensional (1D) supersymmetric t-J model with 1/r2 interaction. The result is obtained first for a small-sized system and its validity is checked against the numerical calculation. Then the general expression is found which is valid for arbitrary size of the system. The thermodynamic limit of A+(k,omega) has a simple analytic form with contributions from one spinon, one holon, and one antiholon-all of which obey fractional statistics. The upper edge of A+(k,omega) in the (k,omega) plane includes a delta-function peak which reduces to that of the single-electron band in the low-density limit.
Dynamical properties, such as dynamical spin and charge structure factors and single-particle spectral functions, are studied for the one-dimensional supersymmetric t-J model with inverse-square interaction. Exact diagonalization and the recursion method are used for finite systems up to 16 sites. A simple rule is proposed to understand the supermultiplet structure in the excitation spectrum. Numerical calculations show that the dynamical spin structure factor is independent of the electron density in the region where only two spinons contribute. In the electron removal spectrum from half-filling, close correspondence is found between the dominant contribution from three-spinon plus one-holon states in the t-J model and the two-spinon excitations in the Haldane-Shastry model. Comparison is made with dynamics of the nearest-neighbor supersymmetric t-J model.
Quasi-particle picture in a magnetic field is pursued for dynamical spin and charge correlation functions of the one-dimensional supersymmetric t-J model with inverse-square interaction. With use of exact diagonalization and the asymptotic Bethe-ansatz equations for finite systems, excitation contents of relevant excited states are identified which are valid in the thermodynamic limit. The excitation contents are composed of spinons, antispinons, holons and antiholons obeying fractional statistics. Both longitudinal and transverse components of the dynamical spin structure factor are independent of the electron density in the region where only quasi-particles with spin degrees of freedom (spinons and antispinons) contribute. The dynamical charge structure factor does not depend on the spin-polarization density in the region where only quasi-particles with charge (holons and antiholons) are excited. These features indicate the strong spin-charge separation in dynamics, reflecting the high symmetry of the model.
Dynamical charge structure factor N(Q,ω)N(Q,ω)N(Q,ω) with QQQ smaller than the Fermi wave number is derived analytically for the one-dimensional supersymmetric t-J model with 1/r21/r^21/r2 interaction. Strong spin-charge separation in dynamics is found. N(Q,ω)N(Q,ω)N(Q,ω) with given electron density does not depend on the spin polarization for arbitrary size of the system. In the thermodynamic limit, only two holons and one antiholon contribute to N(Q,ω)N(Q,ω)N(Q,ω). These results together with generalized ones for the SU(KKK,1) supersymmetric t-J model are derived via solution of the Sutherland model in the strong coupling limit.