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arXiv:cond-mat/0204406

Faraday patterns in Bose-Einstein condensates. Amplitude equation for rolls in the parametrically driven, damped Gross-Pitaevskii equation

Germán J. de Valcárcel

Published Apr 18, 2002• 2 citations
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Abstract

The parametrically driven, damped Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which models Bose-Einstein condensates in which the interatomic s-wave scattering length is modulated in time, is shown to support spatially modulated states in the form of rolls. A Landau equation with broken phase symmetry is derived, which governs the dynamics of the roll amplitude.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0204406

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The parametrically driven, damped Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which models Bose-Einstein condensates in which the interatomic s-wave scattering length is modulated in time, is shown to support spatially modulated states in the form of rolls. A Landau equation with broken phase symmetry is derived, which governs the dynamics of the roll amplitude.
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Abstract We consider Bose–Einstein condensates with two- and three-body interactions periodically varying in time. Two models of time-dependent three-body interactions, with quadratic and quartic dependence on the two-body atomic scattering length a s , are studied. It is shown that parametric instabilities in the condensate lead to the generation of Faraday waves (FWs), with wavelengths depending on the background scattering length, as well as on the frequency and amplitude of the modulations of a s . From an experimental perspective, this opens a new possibility to tune the period of Faraday patterns by varying not only the frequency of modulations and background scattering length, but also the amplitude of the modulations. The latter effect can be used to estimate the parameters of three-body interactions from the FW experimental results. Theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations of the corresponding extended Gross–Pitaevskii equation.
Excitation of Faraday patterns in the weak confinement space of low-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) by a periodic modulation of the trap frequency, ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\text{tight}}$, in the tight confinement space is shown. For slow modulation the low-dimensional dynamics of the BEC in the weak confinement space is described by a Gross-Pitaevskii equation with time modulated nonlinearity coefficient. For increasing modulation frequencies a noticeable reduction of the pattern formation threshold is observed near $2{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\text{tight}}$, which is related to the parametric excitation of the internal breathing mode in the tight confinement space. These predictions could be relevant for the experimental excitation of Faraday patterns in BEC.
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We analyze spatiotemporal structures in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to study the dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with mean-field interactions. A coherent structure ansatz yields a parametrically forced nonlinear oscillator, to which we apply Lindstedt's method and multiple-scale perturbation theory to determine the dependence of the intensity of periodic orbits ("modulated amplitude waves") on their wave number. We explore BEC band structure in detail using Hamiltonian perturbation theory and supporting numerical simulations.