We investigate a two-dimensional classical N-vector model with a nonlinear interaction (1+sigma(i) x sigma(j))(p) in the large-N limit. As observed for N=3 by Blöte et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 047203 (2002)], we find a first-order transition for p>p(c) and no finite-temperature phase transitions for p<p(c). For p>p(c), both phases have short-range order, the correlation length showing a finite discontinuity at the transition. For p=p(c), there is a peculiar transition, where the spin-spin correlation length is finite while the energy-energy correlation length diverges.
We investigate a two-dimensional classical N-vector model with a nonlinear interaction (1+sigma(i) x sigma(j))(p) in the large-N limit. As observed for N=3 by Blöte et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 047203 (2002)], we find a first-order transition for p>p(c) and no finite-temperature phase transitions for p<p(c). For p>p(c), both phases have short-range order, the correlation length showing a finite discontinuity at the transition. For p=p(c), there is a peculiar transition, where the spin-spin correlation length is finite while the energy-energy correlation length diverges.
We investigate the two-dimensional classical Heisenberg model with a nonlinear nearest-neighbor interaction $V(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{s},{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{s}}^{\ensuremath{'}})\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}2K[(1+\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{s}\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{s}}^{\ensuremath{'}})/2{]}^{p}$. The analogous nonlinear interaction for the XY model was introduced by Domany, Schick, and Swendsen, who find that for large p the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition is preempted by a first-order transition. Here we show that, whereas the standard (p=1) Heisenberg model has no phase transition, for large enough p a first-order transition appears. Both phases have only short-range order, but with a correlation length that jumps at the transition.
The classical two-dimensional Heisenberg model revisited: An SU(2)-symmetric tensor network study
The classical Heisenberg model in two spatial dimensions constitutes one of the most paradigmatic spin models, taking an important role in statistical and condensed matter physics to understand magnetism. Still, despite its paradigmatic character and the widely accepted ban of a (continuous) spontaneous symmetry breaking, controversies remain whether the model exhibits a phase transition at finite temperature. Importantly, the model can be interpreted as a lattice discretization of the O(3) non-linear sigma model in 1+1 dimensions, one of the simplest quantum field theories encompassing crucial features of celebrated higher-dimensional ones (like quantum chromodynamics in 3+1 dimensions), namely the phenomenon of asymptotic freedom. This should also exclude finite-temperature transitions, but lattice effects might play a significant role in correcting the mainstream picture. In this work, we make use of state-of-the-art tensor network approaches, representing the classical partition function in the thermodynamic limit over a large range of temperatures, to comprehensively explore the correlation structure for Gibbs states. By implementing an SU(2) symmetry in our two-dimensional tensor network contraction scheme, we are able to handle very large effective bond dimensions of the environment up to χEeff∼1500, a feature that is crucial in detecting phase transitions. With decreasing temperatures, we find a rapidly diverging correlation length, whose behaviour is apparently compatible with the two main contradictory hypotheses known in the literature, namely a finite-T transition and asymptotic freedom, though with a slight preference for the second.
The classical two-dimensional Heisenberg model revisited: An SU(2)-symmetric tensor network study
The classical Heisenberg model in two spatial dimensions constitutes one of the most paradigmatic spin models, taking an important role in statistical and condensed matter physics to understand magnetism. Still, despite its paradigmatic character and the widely accepted ban of a (continuous) spontaneous symmetry breaking, controversies remain whether the model exhibits a phase transition at finite temperature. Importantly, the model can be interpreted as a lattice discretization of the O(3) O ( 3 ) non-linear sigma model in 1+1 1 + 1 dimensions, one of the simplest quantum field theories encompassing crucial features of celebrated higher-dimensional ones (like quantum chromodynamics in 3+1 3 + 1 dimensions), namely the phenomenon of asymptotic freedom. This should also exclude finite-temperature transitions, but lattice effects might play a significant role in correcting the mainstream picture. In this work, we make use of state-of-the-art tensor network approaches, representing the classical partition function in the thermodynamic limit over a large range of temperatures, to comprehensively explore the correlation structure for Gibbs states. By implementing an SU(2) S U ( 2 ) symmetry in our two-dimensional tensor network contraction scheme, we are able to handle very large effective bond dimensions of the environment up to \chi_E^\text{eff} \sim 1500 χ E eff ∼ 1500 , a feature that is crucial in detecting phase transitions. With decreasing temperatures, we find a rapidly diverging correlation length, whose behaviour is apparently compatible with the two main contradictory hypotheses known in the literature, namely a finite- T T transition and asymptotic freedom, though with a slight preference for the second.
We use Monte Carlo, transfer-matrix and finite-size scaling methods to investigate two-dimensional O (n) models with n > 2, in particular the case n = 3 which includes the classical Heisenberg model. Depending on the type of interaction and the lattice structure, two different types of phase transitions are present. One type resembles the hard-hexagon transition and occurs in the loop representation of the honeycomb O (n) model. The other type is a first-order transition which occurs for spin-spin interactions that are strongly nonlinear in the neighbor-spin products. When the nonlinearity is decreased, the first-order line ends in a critical point. The existence of the first-order line is in agreement with mean-field theory as well as with high- and low-temperature approximations.
The classical Heisenberg model is one of the most fundamental models in statistical and condensed matter physics. Extensive theoretical and numerical studies suggest that, in two dimensions, this model does not exhibit a finite-temperature phase transition but instead manifests asymptotic freedom. However, some research has also proposed the possibility of a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition over the years. In this study, we revisit the classical two-dimensional (2D) Heisenberg model through large-scale simulations with linear system sizes up to L=16384. Our Monte Carlo data, without any extrapolation, clearly reveal an exponential divergence of the correlation length $\ensuremath{\xi}$ as a function of the inverse temperature $\ensuremath{\beta}$, a hallmark of asymptotic freedom. Moreover, extrapolating $\ensuremath{\xi}$ to the thermodynamic limit in the low-temperature regime achieves close agreement with the three-loop perturbative calculations. We further propose a finite-size scaling (FSS) ansatz for $\ensuremath{\xi}$, demonstrating that the pseudocritical point ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{L}$ diverges logarithmically with L. The thermodynamic and finite-size scaling behaviors of the magnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$ are also investigated and corroborate the predictions of asymptotic freedom. Our paper provides solid evidence for asymptotic freedom in the 2D Heisenberg model and advances understanding of finite-size scaling in such systems.
We study the continuum limit of the quantum nonlinear \ensuremath{\sigma} model in 2+1 dimensions and at finite temperature T using both Monte Carlo simulation on large-size lattices (1002\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8 is our largest-size lattice) and saddle-point approximation. At zero temperature, we find the critical point gc that separates the quantum disordered phase from the phase with spontaneous symmetry breaking (nonzero staggered magnetization). We calculate the model's renormalization group \ensuremath{\beta} function close to the critical point. Using the \ensuremath{\beta} function, we rescale the correlation lengths calculated at various values of the coupling constant (spin stiffness) and temperature and find that they all collapse on the same curve \ensuremath{\xi}/${a}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$=f(T/${T}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$). Even though the lattice spacing vanishes, a finite unit of length ${a}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ and a temperature scale ${T}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ is generated via dimensional transmutation. Assuming that the nonlinear \ensuremath{\sigma} model and the spin-(1/2 antiferromagnetic (AF) Heisenberg model are equivalent at low temperature, we relate the units ${a}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ and ${T}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ to the lattice spacing aH and the AF coupling J of the Heisenberg model so that the correlation lengths obtained from the simulation of the two models agree. In order to achieve this agreement we find that (a) the spin-(1/2 AF Heisenberg model should order at T=0 and (b) the relationship between the scales ${a}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$,${T}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ and aH, J is obtained, and f(T/${T}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$) can be accurately approximated by an exponential of ${T}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$/T below gc. We obtain a reasonable fit to the neutron scattering data of the insulator La2CuO4 by taking J=1270 K, a value close to that reported by Raman scattering experiments.