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arXiv:cond-mat/0112494 · Annals of Physics

Condensed Vortex Ground States of Rotating Bose–Einstein Condensate in Harmonic Atomic Trap

Mahir Saleh Hussein, Oleg Vorov

Published Jun 1, 2002• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1006/aphy.2002.6264

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Vortex states of weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates confined in three-dimensional rotating harmonic traps are investigated numerically at zero temperature. The ground state in the rotating frame is obtained by propagating the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate in imaginary time. The total energies between states with and without a vortex are compared, yielding critical rotation frequencies that depend on the anisotropy of the trap and the number of atoms. Vortices displaced from the center of nonrotating traps are found to have long lifetimes for sufficiently large numbers of atoms. The relationship between vortex stability and bound core states is explored.
The nucleation of vortices and the resulting structures of vortex arrays in dilute, trapped, zero-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates are investigated numerically. Vortices are generated by rotating a three-dimensional, anisotropic harmonic atom trap. The condensate ground state is obtained by propagating the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in imaginary time. Vortices first appear at a rotation frequency significantly larger than the critical frequency for vortex stabilization, consistent with a critical velocity mechanism for vortex nucleation. At higher frequencies, the structures of the vortex arrays are strongly influenced by trap geometry.
Abstract The ground-state phases of rotating spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates in three different box traps are studied numerically. In circular or square box trap, influenced by the combined effects of spin-exchange interaction and rotation, traditional skyrmion vortex for a rotating spin-1 BEC in harmonic trap are replaced by the homogeneous coreless vortices layered with fourfold rotational symmetry, which are usually generated from the trap boundary every four. In a triangular box trap, one skyrmion vortex structure is firstly found in the trap center, while other vortices are all generated from the boundary and arrange parallel to the trap edge in the form of vortex chains .