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arXiv:cond-mat/0110121 · International Journal of Modern Physics B

THE 8V CSOS MODEL AND THE sl2 LOOP ALGEBRA SYMMETRY OF THE SIX-VERTEX MODEL AT ROOTS OF UNITY

Tetsuo Deguchi

Published Jun 20, 2002• 19 citations
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Abstract

We review an algebraic method for constructing degenerate eigenvectors of the transfer matrix of the eight-vertex Cyclic Solid-on-Solid lattice model (8V CSOS model), where the degeneracy increases exponentially with respect to the system size. We consider the elliptic quantum group Eτ,η(sl2) at the discrete coupling constants: 2N η = m1 + im2τ, where N, m1 and m2 are integers. Then we show that degenerate eigenvectors of the transfer matrix of the six-vertex model at roots of unity in the sector SZ ≡ 0 ( mod N) are derived from those of the 8V CSOS model, through the trigonometric limit. They are associated with the complete N strings. From the result we see that the dimension of a given degenerate eigenspace in the sector SZ ≡ 0 ( mod N) of the six-vertex model at Nth roots of unity is given by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the maximal value of the total spin operator SZ in the degenerate eigenspace.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979202011615

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We review an algebraic method for constructing degenerate eigenvectors of the transfer matrix of the eight-vertex Cyclic Solid-on-Solid lattice model (8V CSOS model), where the degeneracy increases exponentially with respect to the system size. We consider the elliptic quantum group Eτ,η(sl2) at the discrete coupling constants: 2N η = m1 + im2τ, where N, m1 and m2 are integers. Then we show that degenerate eigenvectors of the transfer matrix of the six-vertex model at roots of unity in the sector SZ ≡ 0 ( mod N) are derived from those of the 8V CSOS model, through the trigonometric limit. They are associated with the complete N strings. From the result we see that the dimension of a given degenerate eigenspace in the sector SZ ≡ 0 ( mod N) of the six-vertex model at Nth roots of unity is given by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the maximal value of the total spin operator SZ in the degenerate eigenspace.
We review the main result of cond-mat/0503564.The Hamiltonian of the XXZ spin chain and the transfer matrix of the six-vertex model has the sl 2 loop algebra symmetry if the q parameter is given by a root of unity, q 2N 0 = 1, for an integer N .We discuss the dimensions of the degenerate eigenspace generated by a regular Bethe state in some sectors, rigorously as follows: We show that every regular Bethe ansatz eigenvector in the sectors is a highest weight vector and derive the highest weight d± k , which leads to evaluation parameters a j .If the evaluation parameters are distinct, we obtain the dimensions of the highest weight representation generated by the regular Bethe state.
We discuss an algebraic method for constructing eigenvectors of the transfer matrix of the eight-vertex model at the discrete coupling parameters. We consider the algebraic Bethe ansatz of the elliptic quantum group E τ,η ( sl 2 ) for the case where the parameter η satisfies 2 N η = m 1 + m 2 τ for arbitrary integers N , m 1 and m 2 . When m 1 or m 2 is odd, the eigenvectors thus obtained have not been discussed previously. Furthermore, we construct a family of degenerate eigenvectors of the XYZ spin chain, some of which are shown to be related to the sl 2 loop algebra symmetry of the XXZ spin chain. We show that the dimension of some degenerate eigenspace of the XYZ spin chain on L sites is given by N 2 L/N , if L/N is an even integer. The construction of eigenvectors of the transfer matrices of some related interaction round a face models is also discussed.
We discuss a family of operators which commute or anti-commute with the twisted transfer matrix of the six-vertex model at q being roots of unity, q 2 N = 1. The operators commute with the Hamiltonian of the XXZ spin chain under the twisted boundary conditions, and they are also valid for the inhomogeneous case. For the case of the anti-periodic boundary conditions, we show explicitly that the operators generate the sl 2 loop algebra in the sector of the total spin operator S Z ≡ N /2(mod N ). The infinite-dimensional symmetry leads to exponentially-large spectral degeneracies, as shown for the periodic boundary conditions (Deguchi T, Fabricius K and McCoy B M 2001 J. Stat. Phys. 102 701). Furthermore, we derive explicitly the sl 2 loop algebra symmetry for the periodic XXZ spin chain with an odd number of sites in the sector S Z ≡ N /2(mod N ) when q is a primitive N th root of unity with N odd. Interestingly, in the case of N = 3, various conjectures of combinatorial formulae for the XXZ spin chain with odd sites have been given by Stroganov and other authors. We also note a connection to the spectral degeneracies of the eight-vertex model.
We compute the operator which creates the missing degenerate states in the algebraic Bethe ansatz of the eight-vertex model at roots of unity and relate it to the concept of an elliptic current operator. We find that in sharp contrast with the corresponding formalism in the six-vertex model at roots of unity [12] the current operator is not nilpotent with the consequence that in the construction of degenerate eigenstates of the transfer matrix an arbitrary number of exact strings can be added to the set of regular Bethe roots. Thus the original set of free parameters { s , t } of an eigenvector of the transfer matrix T is enlarged to become { s , t , λ c ,1 , ..., λ c , n } with arbitrary string centres λ c , j and arbitrary n .
Abstract Monodromy matrices of the model are known to satisfy a Yang–Baxter equation with a six-vertex R -matrix as the intertwiner. The commutation relations of the elements of the monodromy matrices are completely determined by this R -matrix. We show the reason why in the superintegrable case the eigenspace is degenerate, but not in the general case. We then show that the eigenspaces of special CSOS models descending from the chiral Potts model are also degenerate. The existence of an quantum loop algebra (or subalgebra) in these models is established by showing that the Serre relations hold for the generators. The highest weight polynomial (or the Drinfeld polynomial) of the representation is obtained by using the method of Baxter for the superintegrable case. As a byproduct, the eigenvalues of all such CSOS models are given explicitly.
The spectra of recently constructed auxiliary matrices for the six-vertex model respectively the spin s = 1/2 Heisenberg chain at roots of unity are investigated. Two conjectures are formulated both of which are proved for N = 3 and are verified numerically for several examples with N > 3. The first conjecture identifies an Abelian subset of auxiliary matrices whose eigenvalues are polynomials in the spectral variable. The zeros of these polynomials are shown to fall into two sets. One consists of the solutions to the Bethe ansatz equations which determine the eigenvalues of the six-vertex transfer matrix. The other set of zeros contains the complete strings which encode the information on the degeneracies of the model due to the loop symmetry present at roots of 1. The second conjecture then states a polynomial identity which relates the complete string centres to the Bethe roots allowing one to determine the dimension of the degenerate eigenspaces. Its proof for N = 3 involves the derivation of a new functional equation for the auxiliary matrices and the six-vertex transfer matrix. Moreover, it is demonstrated in several explicit examples that the complete strings coincide with the classical analogue of the Drinfeld polynomial. The latter is used to classify the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of the loop algebra . This suggests that the constructed auxiliary matrices not only enable one to solve the six-vertex model but also completely characterize the decomposition of its eigenspaces into irreducible representations of the underlying loop symmetry.