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arXiv:cond-mat/0108014 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Quenched bond dilution in two-dimensional Potts models

Christophe Chatelain, Bertrand Berche, Щур Лев Николаевич

Published Nov 6, 2001• 15 citations
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Abstract

We report a numerical study of the bond-diluted two-dimensional Potts model using transfer-matrix calculations. For different numbers of states per spin, we show that the critical exponents at the random fixed point are the same as in self-dual random-bond cases. In addition, we determine the multifractal spectrum associated with the scaling dimensions of the moments of the spin-spin correlation function in the cylinder geometry. We show that the behaviour is fully compatible with the one observed in the random-bond case, confirming the general picture according to which a unique fixed point describes the critical properties of different classes of disorder: dilution, self-dual binary random bond, self-dual continuous random bond.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/34/45/301

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We report a numerical study of the bond-diluted two-dimensional Potts model using transfer-matrix calculations. For different numbers of states per spin, we show that the critical exponents at the random fixed point are the same as in self-dual random-bond cases. In addition, we determine the multifractal spectrum associated with the scaling dimensions of the moments of the spin-spin correlation function in the cylinder geometry. We show that the behaviour is fully compatible with the one observed in the random-bond case, confirming the general picture according to which a unique fixed point describes the critical properties of different classes of disorder: dilution, self-dual binary random bond, self-dual continuous random bond.
We present results of Monte Carlo simulations of random bond Potts models in two dimensions, for different numbers of Potts states q. We introduce a simple scheme which yields continuous self-dual distributions of the interactions. As expected, we find multifractal behavior of the correlation functions at the critical point and obtain estimates of the exponent ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{n}$ for several moments n of the correlation functions, including typical $(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{n}0)$, average (n=1)(n=1)(n=1), and others. In addition, for q=8q=8q=8, we find that there is only a single correlation length exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}$ describing the correlation length away from criticality. This is numerically very close to the pure Ising value $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$.
The critical properties of systems with quenched bond disorder are determined from a fixed distribution, under renormalization group, of the random bonds. Full fixed distributions with all moments are obtained numerically by histograms and, to a good approximation, in terms of $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ distributions. For such systems, the specific-heat exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ does not equal the crossover exponent $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ at random criticality. We derive a new relation between $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\varphi}$, which invokes characteristics of the fixed distribution. The difference between $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ is noted for nnn-vector models in $4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ dimensions and for Potts models on hierarchical lattices solved exactly. In general, stable random critical behavior with positive $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ appears to be possible. We develop a general treatment of quenched disorder and illustrate it by calculating specific-heat curves. It is suggested that the critical exponents of the three- and four-state random-bond Potts models in two dimensions are $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\simeq}1.06 \mathrm{and} 1.19$.
We present a numerical study of two-dimensional random-bond Potts ferromagnets. The model is studied both below and above the critical value Qc=4, which discriminates between second- and first-order transitions in the pure system. Two geometries are considered, namely cylinders and square-shaped systems, and the critical behavior is investigated through conformal invariance techniques that were recently shown to be valid, even in the randomness-induced second-order phase transition regime Q>4. In the cylinder geometry, connectivity transfer matrix calculations provide a simple test to find the range of disorder amplitudes that is characteristic of the disordered fixed point. The scaling dimensions then follow from the exponential decay of correlations along the strip. Monte Carlo simulations of spin systems on the other hand are generally performed on systems of rectangular shape on the square lattice, but the data are then perturbed by strong surface effects. The conformal mapping of a semi-infinite system inside a square enables us to take into account boundary effects explicitly and leads to an accurate determination of the scaling dimensions. The techniques are applied to different values of Q in the range 3-64.
In this paper we present our numerical study on short-time critical dynamics for the q-state random-bond Potts model with self-dual quenched disorders. By exploring the universal power-law scaling behavior, the results of magnetic exponent η and dynamic exponent z are estimated for the q=3 and q=8 cases with two specific disorder distribution functions. Our Monte Carlo simulations show evidence that the results of magnetic exponent η are independent of distribution forms, which verifies the existence of universality for the general quenched random-bond models numerically.
We study by Monte Carlo simulations the influence of bond dilution on the three-dimensional Ising model. This paradigmatic model in its pure version displays a second-order phase transition with a positive specific heat critical exponent α\alphaα . According to the Harris criterion disorder should hence lead to a new fixed point characterized by new critical exponents. We have determined the phase diagram of the diluted model, starting from the pure model limit down to the neighbourhood of the percolation threshold. For the estimation of critical exponents, we have first performed a finite-size scaling study, where we concentrated on three different dilutions to check the stability of the disorder fixed point. We emphasize in this work the great influence of the cross-over phenomena between the pure, disorder and percolation fixed points which lead to effective critical exponents dependent on the concentration. In a second set of simulations, the temperature behaviour of physical quantities has been studied in order to characterize the disorder fixed point more accurately. In particular this allowed us to estimate ratios of some critical amplitudes. In accord with previous observations for other models this provides stronger evidence for the existence of the disorder fixed point since the amplitude ratios are more sensitive to the universality class than the critical exponents. Moreover, the question of non-self-averaging at the disorder fixed point is investigated and compared with recent results for the bond-diluted q = 4 Potts model. Overall our numerical results provide evidence that, as expected on theoretical grounds, the critical behaviour of the bond-diluted model is indeed governed by the same universality class as the site-diluted model.