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arXiv:cond-mat/0103559 · Physics Letters A

New superconducting states in the Hubbard model

Sze-Shiang Feng, Bin Wang, Elcio Abdalla A

Published Dec 1, 2001• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/s0375-9601(01)00731-9

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With the projector quantum Monte Carlo algorithm and the stochastic diagonalization it is possible to calculate the ground state of the Hubbard model for small finite clusters. Nevertheless the usual finite size scaling of the Hubbard model has problems of deducing the behavior of the infinite system correctly from the numerical data of small system sizes. Therefore we study the finite size scaling of the superconducting correlation functions in superconducting BCS-reduced Hubbard models to analyze the finite size behavior in small finite clusters. The ground state of the BCS-reduced Hubbard models is calculated with the stochastic diagonalization without any approximations. As result of these analyses we propose a new finite size scaling ansatz for the Hubbard model, which is able describe the finite size effects in a consistent way taking the corrections to scaling into account, which are dominant for weak interaction strength and small clusters. With this new finite size scaling ansatz it is possible to give evidence for superconductivity for all interaction strengths for both the attractive tt'-Hubbard model (with s-wave symmetry) and the repulsive tt'-Hubbard model (with dx2-y2-wave symmetry).
By employing unbiased numerical methods, we show that pulse irradiation can induce unconventional superconductivity even in the Mott insulator of the Hubbard model. The superconductivity found here in the photoexcited state is due to the η-pairing mechanism, characterized by staggered pair-density-wave oscillations in the off-diagonal long-range correlation, and is absent in the ground-state phase diagram; i.e., it is induced neither by a change of the effective interaction of the Hubbard model nor by simple photocarrier doping. Because of the selection rule, we show that the nonlinear optical response is essential to increase the number of η pairs and thus enhance the superconducting correlation in the photoexcited state. Our finding demonstrates that nonequilibrium many-body dynamics is an alternative pathway to access a new exotic quantum state that is absent in the ground-state phase diagram, and also provides an alternative mechanism for enhancing superconductivity.