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arXiv:cond-mat/0102374 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Effective interactions in the stripe state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model

S. Varlamov, G. Seibold

Published Jan 28, 2002• 8 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the structure of the pairing potential in the stripe phase of the two-dimensional Hubbard model. Based on the random-phase approximation we discuss in detail the interactions in the charge and spin channel and compare our calculations with related considerations in commensurate antiferromagnets. Our main finding is that due to the incommensurate charge-density wave formation the exchange of collective modes in the charge channel is significantly enhanced with respect to the spin-bag approach whereas due to the inhomogeneous charge distribution the coupling to transverse spin fluctuations tends to be suppressed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.65.075109

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We investigate the structure of the pairing potential in the stripe phase of the two-dimensional Hubbard model. Based on the random-phase approximation we discuss in detail the interactions in the charge and spin channel and compare our calculations with related considerations in commensurate antiferromagnets. Our main finding is that due to the incommensurate charge-density wave formation the exchange of collective modes in the charge channel is significantly enhanced with respect to the spin-bag approach whereas due to the inhomogeneous charge distribution the coupling to transverse spin fluctuations tends to be suppressed.
Intertwining of spin, charge, and pairing correlations in the repulsive two-dimensional Hubbard model is shown through unrestricted variational calculations, with projected wave functions free of symmetry breaking. A crossover from incommensurate antiferromagnetism to stripe order naturally emerges in the hole-doped region when increasing the on-site coupling. Although effective attractive pairing interactions are identified, they are strongly fragmented in several modes including ddd-wave pairing and more exotic channels related to an underlying stripe. We demonstrate that the entanglement of a mean-field wave function by symmetry restoration can largely account for interaction effects, and that our approach is exact for a two-site cluster.
We analyze effective ddd-wave interactions in the two-dimensional extended Hubbard model at weak coupling and small to moderate doping. The interactions are computed from a renormalization group flow. Attractive ddd-wave interactions are generated via antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in the pairing and charge channels. Above Van Hove filling, the ddd-wave charge interaction is maximal at incommensurate diagonal wave vectors, corresponding to nematic fluctuations with a diagonal modulation. Below Van Hove filling a modulation along the crystal axes can be favored. The nematic fluctuations are enhanced by the nearest-neighbor interaction in the extended Hubbard model, but they always remain smaller than the dominant antiferromagnetic, pairing, or charge density wave fluctuations.
We study a one-dimensional (1D) electron liquid embedded in a 2D antiferromagnetic insulator, and coupled to it via a weak antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interaction. We argue that this model may qualitatively capture the physics of a single charge stripe in the cuprates on length and time scales shorter than those set by its fluctuation dynamics. Using a local mean-field approach we identify the low-energy effective theory that describes the electronic-spin sector of the stripe as that of a sine-Gordon model. We determine its phases via a perturbative renormalization-group analysis. For realistic values of the model parameters we obtain a phase characterized by enhanced spin density and composite charge-density-wave correlations, coexisting with subleading triplet and composite singlet-pairing correlations. This result is shown to be independent of the spatial orientation of the stripe on the square lattice. We argue that slow transverse fluctuations of the stripes tend to suppress the density correlations, thus promoting the pairing instabilities. The largest amplitudes for the composite instabilities appear when the stripe forms an antiphase domain wall in the antiferromagnet. For twisted spin alignments the amplitudes decrease and leave room for a new type of composite pairing correlation, breaking parity but preserving time-reversal symmetry.
A scheme of symmetry breaking is proposed for the two-dimensional Hubbard model at less than half filling. The self-induced mean field is a random spin-dependent potential. The energy of the spin-disordered state is shown to be lower than that of commensurate or incommensurate antiferromagnetic states. Long-wavelength charge and spin fluctuations obey the diffusion equation, leading to deviations from Fermi-liquid behavior. At wave vector q=(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi}) the transverse spin-excitation spectrum has a gap.
Dynamical spin and charge susceptibility and collective modes are studied in the framework of the random phase approximation. They are calculated from the wave function of the selfconsistently obtained ground state, including all possible higher harmonics components of the ordering vector Q . We investigate a spin wave excitation in the spin transverse mode, and phason excitation related to the domain-wall motion in the spin longitudinal and charge modes. We consider the dispersion curve of the collective mode, and discuss the dependence on the on-site U interaction and the period of the incommensurate structure.