Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:cond-mat/0005480 · Physical Review A

Rotational spectra of weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates

T. Papenbrock, G. F. Bertsch

Published Jan 18, 2001• 57 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the spectrum of rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in the limit of weak repulsive interactions and present analytical and numerical results for energies and wave functions. While the low-lying states are of collective nature, the high-lying states are dominated by single-particle excitations and can be accurately approximated by simple polynomial expressions. In the limit that the number of particles is large compared to the number of excited quanta, the single-particle states become excellent approximations to the eigenstates, and a rather simple ordering scheme is obtained.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.63.023616

Related papers

Weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates under rotation

G. M. Kavoulakis, Ben R. Mottelson, C. J. Pethick

We investigate the ground and low excited states of a rotating, weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensed gas in a harmonic trap for a given angular momentum. Analytical results in various limits as well as numerical results are presented, and these are compared with those of previous studies. Within the mean-field approximation and for repulsive interaction between the atoms, we find that for very low values of the total angular momentum per particle, $L/\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}0,$ where $L\ensuremath{\Elzxh}$ is the angular momentum and N is the total number of particles, the angular momentum is carried by quadrupole $(|m|=2)$ surface modes. For $L/N=1,$ a vortexlike state is formed and all the atoms occupy the $m=1$ state. For small negative values of $L/N\ensuremath{-}1,$ the states with $m=0$ and $m=2$ become populated, and for small positive values of $L/N\ensuremath{-}1,$ atoms in the states with $m=5$ and $m=6$ carry the additional angular momentum. In the whole region $0<~L/N<~1,$ we have strong analytic and numerical evidence that the interaction energy drops linearly as a function of $L/N.$ We have also found that an array of singly quantized vortices is formed as $L/N$ increases. Finally, we have gone beyond the mean-field approximation and have calculated the energy of the lowest state up to order N for small negative values of $L/N\ensuremath{-}1,$ as well as the energy of the low-lying excited states.

arXiv:cond-mat/0004307•Physical Review A•Nov 14, 2000•104 citations

Analytical Results for the Interaction Energy of a Trapped, Weakly Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensate

Andrew David Jackson, G. M. Kavoulakis

We examine the problem of a repulsive, weakly interacting and harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate under rotation. We derive a simple analytic expression for the energy incorporating the interactions when the angular momentum per particle is between zero and one and find that the interaction energy decreases linearly as a function of the angular momentum in agreement with previous numerical and limiting analytical studies.

arXiv:cond-mat/0005159•Physical Review Letters•Oct 2, 2000•45 citations

Enhanced many-body effects in the excitation spectrum of a weakly interacting rotating Bose-Einstein condensate

Raphael Beinke, Lorenz S. Cederbaum, Ofir E. Alon

The excitation spectrum of a highly condensed two-dimensional trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is investigated within the rotating frame of reference. The rotation is used to transfer high-lying excited states to the low-energy spectrum of the BEC. We employ many-body linear-response theory and show that, once the rotation leads to a quantized vortex in the ground state, already the low-energy part of the excitation spectrum shows substantial many-body effects beyond the realm of mean-field theory. We demonstrate numerically that the many-body effects grow with the vorticity of the ground state, meaning that the rotation enhances them even for very weak repulsion. Furthermore, we explore the impact of the number of bosons $N$ in the condensate on a low-lying single-particle excitation, which is describable within mean-field theory. Our analysis shows deviations between the many-body and mean-field results which clearly persist when $N$ is increased up to the experimentally relevant regime, typically ranging from several thousand up to a million bosons in size. Implications are briefly discussed.

arXiv:1803.04762•Physical Review A•Nov 30, 2018•17 citations

Perturbative spectrum of trapped weakly interacting bosons in two dimensions

Velimir Bardek, Larisa Jonke, Stjepan Meljanac

We study a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate under rotation in the limit of weak, translational and rotational invariant two-particle interactions. We use the perturbation-theory approach (the large-$N$ expansion) to calculate the ground-state energy and the excitation spectrum in the asymptotic limit where the total number of particles N goes to infinity while keeping the total angular momentum L finite. Calculating the probabilities of different configurations of angular momentum in the exact eigenstates gives us a clear view of the physical content of excitations. We briefly discuss the case of repulsive contact interaction.

arXiv:cond-mat/0012438•Physical Review A•Jun 11, 2001•3 citations

Universal analytical solutions for mixtures of rotating Bose-Einstein condensates

T. Papenbrock, S. M. Reimann, G. M. Kavoulakis

We derive exact analytical results for the many-body wave functions and energies of harmonically trapped two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with weak repulsive interactions under rotation. The wave functions are universal as they do not depend on the matrix elements of the two-body interaction. A comparison with the results from numerical diagonalization shows that the analytical solutions describe the ground state, as well as a set of low-lying excited states for repulsive contact interactions, Coulomb interactions, and the repulsive interactions between aligned dipoles.

•Jul 22, 2011•0 citations

Condensates of p -Wave Pairs Are Exact Solutions for Rotating Two-Component Bose Gases

T. Papenbrock, S. M. Reimann, G. M. Kavoulakis

We derive exact analytical results for the wave functions and energies of harmonically trapped two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with weakly repulsive interactions under rotation. The isospin symmetric wave functions are universal and do not depend on the matrix elements of the two-body interaction. The comparison with the results from numerical diagonalization shows that the ground state and low-lying excitations consist of condensates of p-wave pairs for repulsive contact interactions, Coulomb interactions, and the repulsive interactions between aligned dipoles.

arXiv:1107.4517•Physical Review Letters•Feb 17, 2012•9 citations
We study the spectrum of rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in the limit of weak repulsive interactions and present analytical and numerical results for energies and wave functions. While the low-lying states are of collective nature, the high-lying states are dominated by single-particle excitations and can be accurately approximated by simple polynomial expressions. In the limit that the number of particles is large compared to the number of excited quanta, the single-particle states become excellent approximations to the eigenstates, and a rather simple ordering scheme is obtained.
We investigate the ground and low excited states of a rotating, weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensed gas in a harmonic trap for a given angular momentum. Analytical results in various limits as well as numerical results are presented, and these are compared with those of previous studies. Within the mean-field approximation and for repulsive interaction between the atoms, we find that for very low values of the total angular momentum per particle, $L/\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}0,$ where $L\ensuremath{\Elzxh}$ is the angular momentum and N is the total number of particles, the angular momentum is carried by quadrupole (∣m∣=2)(|m|=2)(∣m∣=2) surface modes. For L/N=1,L/N=1,L/N=1, a vortexlike state is formed and all the atoms occupy the m=1m=1m=1 state. For small negative values of $L/N\ensuremath{-}1,$ the states with m=0m=0m=0 and m=2m=2m=2 become populated, and for small positive values of $L/N\ensuremath{-}1,$ atoms in the states with m=5m=5m=5 and m=6m=6m=6 carry the additional angular momentum. In the whole region 0< L/N< 1,0<~L/N<~1,0< L/N< 1, we have strong analytic and numerical evidence that the interaction energy drops linearly as a function of L/N.L/N.L/N. We have also found that an array of singly quantized vortices is formed as L/NL/NL/N increases. Finally, we have gone beyond the mean-field approximation and have calculated the energy of the lowest state up to order N for small negative values of $L/N\ensuremath{-}1,$ as well as the energy of the low-lying excited states.
The excitation spectrum of a highly condensed two-dimensional trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is investigated within the rotating frame of reference. The rotation is used to transfer high-lying excited states to the low-energy spectrum of the BEC. We employ many-body linear-response theory and show that, once the rotation leads to a quantized vortex in the ground state, already the low-energy part of the excitation spectrum shows substantial many-body effects beyond the realm of mean-field theory. We demonstrate numerically that the many-body effects grow with the vorticity of the ground state, meaning that the rotation enhances them even for very weak repulsion. Furthermore, we explore the impact of the number of bosons NNN in the condensate on a low-lying single-particle excitation, which is describable within mean-field theory. Our analysis shows deviations between the many-body and mean-field results which clearly persist when NNN is increased up to the experimentally relevant regime, typically ranging from several thousand up to a million bosons in size. Implications are briefly discussed.
We study a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate under rotation in the limit of weak, translational and rotational invariant two-particle interactions. We use the perturbation-theory approach (the large-NNN expansion) to calculate the ground-state energy and the excitation spectrum in the asymptotic limit where the total number of particles N goes to infinity while keeping the total angular momentum L finite. Calculating the probabilities of different configurations of angular momentum in the exact eigenstates gives us a clear view of the physical content of excitations. We briefly discuss the case of repulsive contact interaction.
We derive exact analytical results for the many-body wave functions and energies of harmonically trapped two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with weak repulsive interactions under rotation. The wave functions are universal as they do not depend on the matrix elements of the two-body interaction. A comparison with the results from numerical diagonalization shows that the analytical solutions describe the ground state, as well as a set of low-lying excited states for repulsive contact interactions, Coulomb interactions, and the repulsive interactions between aligned dipoles.
We derive exact analytical results for the wave functions and energies of harmonically trapped two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with weakly repulsive interactions under rotation. The isospin symmetric wave functions are universal and do not depend on the matrix elements of the two-body interaction. The comparison with the results from numerical diagonalization shows that the ground state and low-lying excitations consist of condensates of p-wave pairs for repulsive contact interactions, Coulomb interactions, and the repulsive interactions between aligned dipoles.