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arXiv:cond-mat/0005445 · Physics Letters A

Macroscopic quantum tunneling and resonances in coupled Bose–Einstein condensates with oscillating atomic scattering length

F. Kh. Abdullaev, R. A. Kraenkel

Published Aug 1, 2000• 42 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00435-7

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In this paper, we consider the macroscopic quantum tunnelling and self-trapping phenomena of Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with three-body recombination losses and atoms feeding from thermal cloud in triple-well potential. Using the three-mode approximation, three coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations (GPEs), which describe the dynamics of the system, are obtained. The corresponding numerical results reveal some interesting characteristics of BECs for different scattering lengths. The self-trapping and quantum tunnelling both are found in zero-phase and π-phase modes. Furthermore, we observe the quantum beating phenomenon and the resonance character during the self-trapping and quantum tunnelling. It is also shown that the initial phase has a significant effect on the dynamics of the system.
The dynamics of localized excitations in an array of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is investigated in the framework of the nonlinear lattice theory. The existence of temporarily stable ground states displaying an atomic population distribution localized on very few lattice sites (intrinsic localized modes), as well as atomic population distributions involving many lattice sites (envelope solitons), is studied both numerically and analytically. The origin and properties of these modes are shown to be inherently connected with the interplay between macroscopic quantum tunneling and nonlinearity-induced self-trapping of atoms in coupled BECs. The phenomenon of Bloch oscillations of these excitations is studied both for zero and nonzero backgrounds. We find that in a definite range of parameters, homogeneous distributions can become modulationally unstable. We also show that bright solitons and excitations of shock-wave type can exist in BEC arrays even in the case of positive scattering length. Finally, we argue that a BEC array with negative scattering length in the presence of linear potentials can display collapse.
We study tunneling dynamics of atomic pairs in Bose-Einstein condensates with Feshbach resonances. It is shown that the tunneling of the atomic pairs depends on not only the tunneling coupling between the atomic condensate and the molecular condensate, but also the interatomic nonlinear interactions and the initial number of atoms in these condensates. It is found that in addition to oscillating tunneling current between the atomic condensate and the molecular condensate, the nonlinear atomic-pair tunneling dynamics sustains a self-locked population imbalance: a macroscopic quantum self-trapping effect. The influence of decoherence induced by noncondensate atoms on the tunneling dynamics is investigated. It is shown that decoherence suppresses atomic-pair tunneling.