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arXiv:cond-mat/0002089 · Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Random Fixed Point of Three-Dimensional Random-Bond Ising Models

Koji Hukushima

Published Mar 15, 2000• 47 citations
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Abstract

The fixed-point structure of three-dimensional bond-disordered Ising models is investigated using the numerical domain-wall renormalization-group method. It is found that, in the +/-J Ising model, there exists a non-trivial fixed point along the phase boundary between the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. The fixed-point Hamiltonian of the +/-J model numerically coincides with that of the unfrustrated random Ising models, strongly suggesting that both belong to the same universality class. Another fixed point corresponding to the multicritical point is also found in the +/-J model. Critical properties associated with the fixed point are qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.69.631

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The fixed-point structure of three-dimensional bond-disordered Ising models is investigated using the numerical domain-wall renormalization-group method. It is found that, in the +/-J Ising model, there exists a non-trivial fixed point along the phase boundary between the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. The fixed-point Hamiltonian of the +/-J model numerically coincides with that of the unfrustrated random Ising models, strongly suggesting that both belong to the same universality class. Another fixed point corresponding to the multicritical point is also found in the +/-J model. Critical properties associated with the fixed point are qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions.
The fixed-point structure of the 2D 3-state random-bond Potts model with a bimodal (± J ) distribution of couplings is fully determined using numerical renormalization group techniques. Along the paramagnet-to-ferromagnet critical line we find a total of four distinct fixed points: i) the pure critical fixed point, ii) the critical fixed point for the random-bond, but unfrustrated, ferromagnet, iii) a bicritical fixed point analogous to the bicritical Nishimori fixed point found in the random-bond frustrated Ising model, and iv) the zero-temperature spin-glass–to–ferromagnet critical fixed point. Estimates of the associated critical exponents are given for the various fixed points.
We report our Monte Carlo results on the critical and multicritical behavior of the ± J Ising model [with a random-exchange probability P ( J xy ) = p δ( J xy - J )+(1- p )δ( J xy + J )], in two and three dimensions. We study the transition line between the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phase, which extends from p = 1 to a multicritical (Nishimori) point. By a finite-size scaling analysis, we provide strong numerical evidence that in three dimensions the critical behavior along this line belongs to the same universality class as that of the critical transition in the randomly dilute Ising model. In two dimensions we confirm that the critical behavior is controlled by the pure Ising fixed point and that disorder is marginally irrelevant, giving rise to universal logarithmic corrections. In both two and three dimensions, we also determine the location of the multicritical Nishimori point, as well as the renormalization-group dimensions of the operators that control the renormalization-group flow close to it.
The random-bond Ising model on the square lattice has several disordered critical points, depending on the probability distribution of the bonds. There are a finite-temperature multicritical point, called the Nishimori point, and a zero-temperature fixed point, for both a binary distribution where the coupling constants take the values ± J and a Gaussian disorder distribution. Inclusion of dilution in the ± J distribution ( J = 0 for some bonds) gives rise to another zero-temperature fixed point which can be identified with percolation in the non-frustrated case ( J ≥ 0). We study these fixed points using numerical (transfer matrix) methods. We determine the location, critical exponents, and central charge of the different fixed points and study the spin–spin correlation functions. Our main findings are the following. (1) We confirm that the Nishimori point is universal with respect to the type of disorder, i.e. we obtain the same central charge and critical exponents for the ± J and Gaussian distributions of disorder. (2) The Nishimori point, the zero-temperature fixed point for the ± J and Gaussian distributions of disorder, and the percolation point in the diluted case all belong to mutually distinct universality classes. (3) The paramagnetic phase is re-entrant below the Nishimori point, i.e. the zero-temperature fixed points are not located exactly below the Nishimori point, either for the ± J distribution, or for the Gaussian distribution.
The two-dimensional (2D) random-bond Ising model has a novel multicritical point on the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase boundary. This random phase transition is one of the simplest examples of a 2D critical point occurring at both finite temperatures and disorder strength. We study the associated critical properties, by mapping the random 2D Ising model onto a network model. The model closely resembles network models of quantum Hall plateau transitions, but has different symmetries. Numerical transfer matrix calculations enable us to obtain estimates for the critical exponents at the random Ising phase transition. The values are consistent with recent estimates obtained from high-temperature series.
We study the critical behavior of the three-dimensional $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ Ising model [with random-exchange probability $P({J}_{xy})=p\ensuremath{\delta}({J}_{xy}\ensuremath{-}J)+(1\ensuremath{-}p)\ensuremath{\delta}({J}_{xy}+J)$] at the transition line between the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases, which extends from p=1p=1p=1 to a magnetic-glassy multicritical point at $p={p}_{N}\ensuremath{\approx}0.768$. By a finite-size scaling analysis of Monte Carlo simulations at various values of ppp in the region pN<p<1{p}_{N}<p<1pN​<p<1, we provide strong numerical evidence that the critical behavior along the ferromagnetic transition line belongs to the same universality class as the three-dimensional randomly dilute Ising model. We obtain the results $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.682(3)$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.036(2)$ for the critical exponents, which are consistent with the estimates $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.683(2)$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.036(1)$ at the transition of randomly dilute Ising models.
We consider the two-dimensional randomly site diluted Ising model and the random-bond +/-J Ising model (also called the Edwards-Anderson model), and study their critical behavior at the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition. The critical behavior of thermodynamic quantities can be derived from a set of renormalization-group equations, in which disorder is a marginally irrelevant perturbation at the two-dimensional Ising fixed point. We discuss their solutions, focusing in particular on the universality of the logarithmic corrections arising from the presence of disorder. Then, we present a finite-size scaling analysis of high-statistics Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results confirm the renormalization-group predictions, and in particular the universality of the logarithmic corrections to the Ising behavior due to quenched dilution.