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arXiv:cond-mat/0001012

Dissipative Landau-Zener Tunneling at Marginal Coupling

A. V. Shytov

Published Jan 3, 2000• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The Landau-Zener transition in a two level system can be suppressed or enhanced by coupling to an environment, depending on the temperature and the environment spectral function. We consider the marginal spectral function, when the dissipation effects are important for arbitrarily slow motion. Landau-Zener transition rate demonstrates a non-trivial dependence of the on the ``bias'', i. e. on the rate of the two energy levels relative motion. The Landau-Zener transition is fully suppressed for the values of the bias below a threshold bias set by the coupling strength. Above the threshold, the transition rate for zero temperature is found using the instanton method. At finite temperature, the Landau-Zener transition rate has a non-monotonic dependence on the coupling strength, being suppressed at the strong coupling.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0001012

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The Landau-Zener transition in a two level system can be suppressed or enhanced by coupling to an environment, depending on the temperature and the environment spectral function. We consider the marginal spectral function, when the dissipation effects are important for arbitrarily slow motion. Landau-Zener transition rate demonstrates a non-trivial dependence of the on the ``bias'', i. e. on the rate of the two energy levels relative motion. The Landau-Zener transition is fully suppressed for the values of the bias below a threshold bias set by the coupling strength. Above the threshold, the transition rate for zero temperature is found using the instanton method. At finite temperature, the Landau-Zener transition rate has a non-monotonic dependence on the coupling strength, being suppressed at the strong coupling.
Landau-Zener tunneling, which describes the transition in a two-level system during a sweep through an anti-crossing, is a model applicable to a wide range of physical phenomena. Realistic quantum systems are affected by dissipation due to coupling to their environments. An important aspect of understanding such open quantum systems is the relative energy scales of the system itself and the system-environment coupling, which distinguishes the weak- and strong-coupling regimes. Using a tunable superconducting flux qubit, we observe the crossover from weak to strong coupling to the environment in Landau-Zener tunneling. Our results confirm previous theoretical studies of dissipative Landau-Zener tunneling in the weak and strong coupling limits. We devise a spin bath model that effectively captures the crossover regime. This work is relevant for understanding the role of dissipation in quantum annealing, where the system is expected to go through a cascade of Landau-Zener transitions before reaching the target state.
We study Landau-Zener transitions in a fermionic dissipative environment where a two-level (up and down states) system is coupled to two metallic leads kept with different chemical potentials at zero temperature. The dynamics of the system is simulated by an iterative numerically exact influence functional path integral method. In the pure Landau-Zener problem, two kinds of transition (from up to down state and from down to up state) probability are symmetric. However, this symmetry is destroyed by coupling the system to the bath. In addition, in both kinds of transitions, there exists a nonmonotonic dependence of the transition probability on the sweep velocity; meanwhile nonmonotonic dependence of the transition probability on the system-bath coupling strength is only shown in one of them. As in the spin-boson model, these phenomena can be explained by a simple phenomenological model.
The quantum dynamics of the Landau-Zener transition in a dissipative environment is studied and analytical results for the transition probability are given in terms of temperature, coupling strength, and the Landau-Zener time. For short Landau-Zener time there is no effect of dissipation. In the oppotise limit we distinguish various temperature regimes: The adiabatic limit is shown to be restricted to low temperatures and no effect of dissipation is present at zero temperature. At intermediate temperatures thermal transitions dominate for weak coupling and high temperatures correspond to the strong-coupling limit.
Considers the effect of slowly varying the parameters X i of a finite-sized quantum mechanical system. The system is excited to higher energies by Landau-Zener transitions at avoided crossing; since this increases the energy of the system, it has the effect of dissipation of the driving motion. The rate of dissipation depends on the level spacing distribution of the system. When the spectral statistics are those of the Gaussian unitary ensemble, the rate of dissipation is proportional to X i 2 , i.e. there is viscous or ohmic damping. When the spectral statistics are of those of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, the rate of dissipation is proportional to X i 3 2/.
An analytical study of the dissipative Landau-Zener model is presented. The model where two energy levels at constant speed are brought to cross is a standard model used to describe a large variety of phenomena. In many cases of interest the presence of coupling of the two-state system to an environment is of importance, the accounting for which shall be done here from first principles. Analytical results for the excitation transition from the ground state of the two-state system at large negative times to the excited state at large positive times (as well as the opposite, decay, transition) are obtained in terms of the speed by which the two levels approach each other, the energy gap between the adiabatic energies, the coupling strength to the environment, and its temperature. For the excitation transition we find the following results: In the slow-passage limit of small sweeping speed it is shown that adiabaticity is limited to low temperatures and the quantitative adiabatic criterion is established. Particularly, at zero temperature there is no influence of the environment on the transition probability as a consequence of a compensation property shown to be peculiar to the linear-sweep model. The transition is at low temperatures due to quantum tunneling and, with an increase in temperature, an intermediate region appears where the transition is dominated by thermally assisted transitions across the energy gap before finally at high temperatures a saturated regime is reached with equal population of the levels. In contrast to the dependence on the temperature the dependence of the transition probability as a function of coupling strength is nonmonotonic with maximum influence at intermediate strength. In the fast-passage limit with rapid sweep speed there is no influence of the environment on the transition probability. For the decay transition the adiabatic limit does not exist for the linear-sweep model for physically relevant spectra of the environment and the decay transition is dominated by spontaneous emission, except in the fast-passage limit and the high-temperature limit where the decay transition probability equals the excitation probability.
We investigate the influence of temperature and dissipation on the Landau–Zener transition probability in circuit QED. Dissipation is modelled by coupling the transmission line to a bath of harmonic oscillators, and the reduced density operator is treated within Bloch–Redfield theory. A phase-space representation allows an efficient numerical implementation of the resulting master equation. It provides reliable results which are valid even for rather low temperatures. We find that the spin-flip probability as a function of temperature and dissipation strength exhibits a non-monotonic behaviour. Our numerical results are complemented by analytical solutions for zero temperature and for vanishing dissipation strength.