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arXiv:chao-dyn/9802024 · Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics

Wave-function entropy and dynamical symmetry breaking in the interacting boson model

Pavel Cejnar, Jan Jolie

Published Jul 1, 1998• 43 citations
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Abstract

The degree of chaos in the simplest interacting boson model (IBM-1) is compared with what we call the ``dynamical symmetry content'' of the system. The latter is represented by the information entropy of the eigenfunctions with respect to bases associated with dynamical symmetries of the IBM-1, and expresses thus the localization of actual eigenfunctions in these symmetry bases. The wave-function entropy is shown to be a sensitive tool for monitoring the processes of a single dynamical symmetry breaking or transitions between two and more symmetries. For the IBM-1 Hamiltonians studied here, the known features related to chaos, namely, the dependence of chaotic measures on the Hamiltonian parameters (position in the Casten triangle) and on the angular momentum, turn out to be correlated with the behavior of the wave-function entropy.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.58.387

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Background: One of the fundamental problems of quantum information science is quantum entanglement. Recently, quantum phase transition in nuclear systems is studied in connection with quantum entanglement.Purpose: In this paper, the use of entanglement entropy as a suitable signal for the study of quantum phase transition in the even-even and odd-$A$ nuclei is investigated. The effect of the coupling of a single fermion to a boson core on entanglement entropy is studied.Method: By use of the affine $SU(1,1)$ Lie algebra and through the Schmidt decomposition in the framework of the interacting boson model (IBM) and interacting boson-fermion model (IBFM), entanglement entropy in the even-even and odd-$A$ are obtained. The entanglement entropy is used for tracking and studying the shape phase transition in these nuclei.Results: The entanglement entropy in the IBM and the IBFM is calculated. The entanglement entropy values of the low-lying states of $^{122--134}\mathrm{Xe}, ^{102--110}\mathrm{Pd}$, and $^{123--133}\mathrm{Xe}$ were calculated and analyzed. It is found that entanglement entropy is a suitable order parameter to detect shape phase transition in nuclear systems.Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the entropy of entanglement is sensitive to the shape-phase transition between spherical and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-unstable regions in nuclei. The results show that entanglement entropy is a powerful tool for identifying shape phase transitions in nuclei. It is found that the coupling of the single fermion with angular momentum $j$ to the even-even system does not change the geometry imposed by the boson core performing the transition and only the entanglement entropy values have been shifted by the addition of the odd particle with respect to the even case.

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As quantum analogs of the classical Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, quantum dynamical entropies have emerged as important tools to characterize complex quantum dynamics. In particular, Alicki-Fannes-Lindblad (AFL) entropy, which quantifies the information production rate of a coherent quantum system subjected to repeated measurement, has received considerable attention as a potential diagnostic for quantum chaos. Despite this interest, the precise behavior of quantum dynamical entropy in the presence of symmetry remains largely unexplored. In this work, we establish rigorous inequalities of the AFL entropy for arbitrary unitary dynamics (single particle and many body) in the presence of various types of symmetry. Our theorems encompass three cases: Abelian symmetry, an anticommuting unitary, and non-Abelian symmetries. In particular, we show that, while the cumulative AFL entropy generally saturates to the dimensional bound at late times for chaotic dynamics, this saturation value is distinctively lower when the measurements respect the symmetries. We motivate our main results with numerical simulations of the perturbed quantum cat maps. Our findings highlight the crucial role of symmetry in quantum dynamics under measurements, and our framework is readily adaptable for investigating symmetry's influence across diverse probes of quantum chaos.

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The degree of chaos in the simplest interacting boson model (IBM-1) is compared with what we call the ``dynamical symmetry content'' of the system. The latter is represented by the information entropy of the eigenfunctions with respect to bases associated with dynamical symmetries of the IBM-1, and expresses thus the localization of actual eigenfunctions in these symmetry bases. The wave-function entropy is shown to be a sensitive tool for monitoring the processes of a single dynamical symmetry breaking or transitions between two and more symmetries. For the IBM-1 Hamiltonians studied here, the known features related to chaos, namely, the dependence of chaotic measures on the Hamiltonian parameters (position in the Casten triangle) and on the angular momentum, turn out to be correlated with the behavior of the wave-function entropy.
We introduce an exact bipartite entanglement entropy between the s - and d -boson degrees of freedom in the interacting boson model (IBM), evaluated from finite- N eigenstates with good angular momentum. Unlike coherent-state approaches, the present formulation avoids mixing different angular-momentum sectors. The entanglement entropy reproduces the expected signatures of the U(5)–SU(3) [ S U ‾ (3)] and U(5)–O(6) shape transitions, while revealing a pronounced minimum at the O(6) point along the SU(3)–O(6)– S U ‾ (3) path, in sharp contrast to previous coherent-state results. We show that critical quantum fluctuations govern the local enhancement of entanglement near transition regions, whereas the entanglement hierarchy at the dynamical-symmetry limits is governed by the preserved local dynamical symmetry of the Schmidt-partitioned s - d space. The entanglement is weakest at the U(5) limit, intermediate at the O(6) limit, and strongest at the SU(3) [ S U ‾ (3)] limits, revealing an inverse correlation between preserved local dynamical symmetry and quantum entanglement in the finite- N IBM.
A bstract We investigate minimal two-body Hamiltonians with random interactions that generate spectra resembling those of Gaussian random matrices, a phenomenon we term quadratic quantum chaos . Unlike integrable two-body fermionic systems, the corresponding hard-core boson models exhibit genuinely chaotic dynamics, closely paralleling the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model in its spin representation. This chaotic behavior is diagnosed through spectral statistics and measures of operator growth, including Krylov complexity and the late-time decay of higher-order out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs); the latter reveals the emergence of freeness in the sense of free probability. Moreover, the fractal dimension and Stabilizer Rényi entropy of a representative mid-spectrum eigenstate show finite-size deviations yet converge toward Haar-randomness as the system size increases. This convergence, constrained by local interactions, highlights the “weakly chaotic” character of these eigenstates. Owing to their simplicity and bosonic nature, these minimal models may constitute promising and resource-efficient candidates for probing quantum chaos and information scrambling on near-term quantum devices.
The energies and wave functions of stationary many-body states are analyzed to look for the signatures of quantum chaos. Shell model calculations with the Wildenthal interaction are performed in the J−TJ-TJ−T scheme for 12 particles in the sdsdsd-shell. The local level statistics are in perfect agreement with the GOE predictions. The analysis of the amplitudes of the eigenvectors in the shell model basis with the aid of the informational entropy and moments of the distribution function shows evidence for local chaos with a localization length reaching 90\% of the total dimension in the middle of the spectrum. The degree of chaoticity is sensitive to the the strength of the residual interaction as compared to the single particle energy spacing.
Quantum chaos in isolated quantum systems is intimately linked to thermalization and the rapid relaxation of observables. Although the spectral properties of the chaotic phase in the tilted Bose-Hubbard model have been well characterized, the corresponding dynamical signatures across the transition to regularity remain less explored . In this work, we investigate this transition by analyzing the time evolution of the survival probability, the single-site entanglement entropy, and the half-chain imbalance. Our results reveal a clear hierarchy in the sensitivity of these observables: the relaxation value of the entanglement entropy varies smoothly as a function of the Hamiltonian parameters across the chaos-regular transition, while the imbalance exhibits a more pronounced distinction. Most notably, the survival probability emerges as the most robust indicator of the transition between chaos and regularity. When appropriately scaled, all three observables converge onto a common behavior as a function of the Hamiltonian parameters for different numbers of sites and bosons,enabling a universal characterization of the transition between chaotic and regular dynamics.
Background: One of the fundamental problems of quantum information science is quantum entanglement. Recently, quantum phase transition in nuclear systems is studied in connection with quantum entanglement.Purpose: In this paper, the use of entanglement entropy as a suitable signal for the study of quantum phase transition in the even-even and odd-AAA nuclei is investigated. The effect of the coupling of a single fermion to a boson core on entanglement entropy is studied.Method: By use of the affine SU(1,1)SU(1,1)SU(1,1) Lie algebra and through the Schmidt decomposition in the framework of the interacting boson model (IBM) and interacting boson-fermion model (IBFM), entanglement entropy in the even-even and odd-AAA are obtained. The entanglement entropy is used for tracking and studying the shape phase transition in these nuclei.Results: The entanglement entropy in the IBM and the IBFM is calculated. The entanglement entropy values of the low-lying states of 122−−134Xe,102−−110Pd^{122--134}\mathrm{Xe}, ^{102--110}\mathrm{Pd}122−−134Xe,102−−110Pd, and 123−−133Xe^{123--133}\mathrm{Xe}123−−133Xe were calculated and analyzed. It is found that entanglement entropy is a suitable order parameter to detect shape phase transition in nuclear systems.Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the entropy of entanglement is sensitive to the shape-phase transition between spherical and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-unstable regions in nuclei. The results show that entanglement entropy is a powerful tool for identifying shape phase transitions in nuclei. It is found that the coupling of the single fermion with angular momentum jjj to the even-even system does not change the geometry imposed by the boson core performing the transition and only the entanglement entropy values have been shifted by the addition of the odd particle with respect to the even case.
As quantum analogs of the classical Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, quantum dynamical entropies have emerged as important tools to characterize complex quantum dynamics. In particular, Alicki-Fannes-Lindblad (AFL) entropy, which quantifies the information production rate of a coherent quantum system subjected to repeated measurement, has received considerable attention as a potential diagnostic for quantum chaos. Despite this interest, the precise behavior of quantum dynamical entropy in the presence of symmetry remains largely unexplored. In this work, we establish rigorous inequalities of the AFL entropy for arbitrary unitary dynamics (single particle and many body) in the presence of various types of symmetry. Our theorems encompass three cases: Abelian symmetry, an anticommuting unitary, and non-Abelian symmetries. In particular, we show that, while the cumulative AFL entropy generally saturates to the dimensional bound at late times for chaotic dynamics, this saturation value is distinctively lower when the measurements respect the symmetries. We motivate our main results with numerical simulations of the perturbed quantum cat maps. Our findings highlight the crucial role of symmetry in quantum dynamics under measurements, and our framework is readily adaptable for investigating symmetry's influence across diverse probes of quantum chaos.