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arXiv:chao-dyn/9712013 · Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics

Quantum-classical correspondence in energy space: Two interacting spin particles

F. Borgonovi, Italo Guarneri, Felix M. Izrailev

Published May 1, 1998• 45 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The Hamiltonian conservative system of two interacting particles has been considered both in classical and quantum description. The quantum model has been realized using a symmetrized two-particle basis reordered in the unperturbed energy. The main attention is paid to the structure of chaotic eigenfunctions (EF's) and to the local spectral density of states (LDOS). A remarkable correspondence has been found for the shapes of EF's and the LDOS in the energy representation to their classical counterparts. Comparison with the band random matrix theory predictions has revealed quite significant differences, which are due to the dynamical nature of the model. On the other hand, a partial agreement is found by inserting randomness ad hoc in the dynamical model for two-body matrix elements. This shows that, at least for small number of particles, care must be taken when classical correlations are neglected. The question of quantum localization in the energy space is discussed for both the dynamical and random models.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.57.5291

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The Hamiltonian conservative system of two interacting particles has been considered both in classical and quantum description. The quantum model has been realized using a symmetrized two-particle basis reordered in the unperturbed energy. The main attention is paid to the structure of chaotic eigenfunctions (EF's) and to the local spectral density of states (LDOS). A remarkable correspondence has been found for the shapes of EF's and the LDOS in the energy representation to their classical counterparts. Comparison with the band random matrix theory predictions has revealed quite significant differences, which are due to the dynamical nature of the model. On the other hand, a partial agreement is found by inserting randomness ad hoc in the dynamical model for two-body matrix elements. This shows that, at least for small number of particles, care must be taken when classical correlations are neglected. The question of quantum localization in the energy space is discussed for both the dynamical and random models.
We study the model of two interacting particles moving in a 1D box, paying main attention to the quantum-classical correspondence for the average shape of quantum eigenstates and for the local density of states (LDOS). We show that if the classical motion is chaotic, in a deep semi-classical region of a quantum system, both the shape of eigenstates and of the LDOS coincide with their classical analogs, on average. However, individual eigenstates exhibit quite large fluctuations which may not be treated as statistical ones. Thus, comparison of quantum quantities to the classical ones allows one to detect quantum effects of localization which for conservative systems emerge in the energy space.
We study the quantum-classical correspondence for systems with interacting spin particles that are strongly chaotic in the classical limit. This is done in the presence of constants of motion associated with the fixed angular momenta of individual spins. Our analysis of the Lyapunov spectra reveals that the largest Lyapunov exponent agrees with the Lyapunov exponent that determines the local instability of each individual spin moving under the influence of all other spins. Within this picture, we introduce a rigorous and simple test of ergodicity for the spin motion, and use it to identify when classical chaos is both strong and global in phase space. In the quantum domain, our analysis of the Hamiltonian matrix in a proper representation allows us to obtain the conditions for the onset of quantum chaos as a function of the model parameters. From the comparison between the quantum and classical domains, we demonstrate that quantum quantities, such as the local density of states (LDoS) and the shape of the chaotic eigenfunctions written in the noninteracting many-body basis, have well-defined classical counterparts. We also find a relationship between the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and the width of the LDoS, which is useful for studies of many-body dynamics.
In this review the problem of statistical description of isolated quantum systems of interacting particles is discussed. Main attention is paid to a recently developed approach which is based on chaotic properties of compound states in the basis of non-interacting particles. In order to demonstrate the most important aspects of this approach, the matrix model of two-body random interaction between Fermi-particles has been used. Different problems have been considered such as the onset of chaos and statistical equilibrium, the relation between the structure of eigenstates and distribution of occupation numbers, the emergence of the Fermi-Dirac distribution in isolated systems of finite number of particles and many others. The application of the approach to dynamical systems with the classical limit is discussed as well.
Quantum–classical correspondence for the average shape of eigenfunctions and the local spectral density of states are well-known facts. In this paper, the fluctuations of the quantum wavefunctions around the classical value are discussed. A simple random matrix model leads to a Gaussian distribution of the amplitudes whose width is determined by the classical shape of the eigenfunction. To compare this prediction with numerical calculations in chaotic models of coupled quartic oscillators, we develop a rescaling method for the components. The expectations are broadly confirmed, but deviations due to scars are observed. This effect is much reduced when both Hamiltonians have chaotic dynamics.
A key goal of quantum chaos is to establish a relationship between widely observed universal spectral fluctuations of clean quantum systems and random matrix theory (RMT).Most prominent features of such RMT behavior with respect to a random spectrum, both encompassed in spectral pair correlation function, are statistical suppression of small level spacings (correlation hole) and enhanced stiffness of the spectrum at large spectral ranges.For single particle systems with fully chaotic classical counterparts, the problem has been partly solved by Berry [Proc.R. Soc.London, A400, 229 (1985)] within the so-called diagonal approximation of semiclassical periodic-orbit sums, while the derivation of the full RMT spectral form factor K(t) (Fourier transform of spectral pair correlation function), from semiclassics has been completed by Müller et al. [Phys.Rev. Lett.93, 014103 (2004)].In recent years, the questions of long-time dynamics at high energies, for which the full many-body energy spectrum becomes relevant, are coming at the forefront even for simple many-body quantum systems, such as locally interacting spin chains.Such systems display two universal types of behaviour which are termed as the 'many-body localized phase' and 'ergodic phase'.In the ergodic phase, the spectral fluctuations are excellently described by RMT, even for very simple interactions and in the absence of any external source of disorder.Here we provide a clear theoretical explanation for these observations.We compute K(t) in the leading two orders in t and show its agreement with RMT for non-integrable, time-reversal invariant many-body systems without classical counterparts, a generic example of which are Ising spin 1/2 models in a periodically kicking transverse field.In particular, we relate K(t) to partition functions of a class of twisted classical Ising models on a ring of size t, hence the leading order RMT behavior K(t)2t is a consequence of translation and reflection symmetry of the Ising partition function.