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量子光学学报

Experimental Study on Atom Laser and Bose-Einstein Condensate

Lin -, Xia, Fan Fan, Yang, Wei, Xiong, Xiuquan, Ma, Juntao, Li, Qianli, Xu, iaoji, Zhou Zhou, Xuzong, Chen

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
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Bose–Einstein condensation is a state of matter known to be responsible for peculiar properties exhibited by superfluid Helium-4 and superconductors. Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in its pure form is realizable with alkali atoms under ultra-cold temperatures. In this paper, we review the experimental scheme that demonstrates the atomic Bose–Einstein condensate. We also elaborate on the theoretical framework for atomic Bose–Einstein condensation, which includes statistical mechanics and the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. As an extension, we discuss Bose–Einstein condensation of photons realized in a fluorescent dye filled optical microcavity. We analyze this phenomenon based on the generalized Planck’s law in statistical mechanics. Further, a comparison is made between photon condensate and laser. We describe how photon condensate may be a possible alternative for lasers since it does not require an energy consuming population inversion process.
Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in dilute atomic gases has extensively been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Its principle is to be mentioned, as well as important techniques to realize BEC, such as those for laser cooling and evaporative cooling. As an example of new BEC studies, BEC in a system with a spin degree of freedom is also mentioned, for which we propose here an application of optical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to observe the distribution of spin-polarized atoms with high resolution.