Causal Set Dynamics and Elementary Particles

Edward J. Gillis

Hans H. Diel

The author's attempt to construct a local causal model of quantum theory (QT) that includes quantum field theory (QFT) resulted in the identification of "quantum objects" as the elementary units of causality and locality. Quantum objects are collections of particles (including single particles) whose collective dynamics and measurement results can only be described by the laws of QT and QFT. Local causal models of quantum objects' internal dynamics are not possible if a locality is understood as a space-point locality. Within quantum objects, state transitions may occur which instantly affect the whole quantum object. The identification of quantum objects as the elementary units of causality and locality has two primary implications for a causal model of quantum objects: (1) quantum objects run autonomously with system-state update frequencies based on their local proper times and with either no or minimal dependency on external parameters. (2) The laws of physics that describe global (but relativistic) interrelationships must be translated to a causal model of interactions between quantum objects and interactions between quantum objects and the space.

Richard F. Blute, Ivan T. Ivanov, Prakash Panangaden

James Paul Wesley

Jon Eakins, George Jaroszkiewicz

We discuss the origin of causal set structure and the emergence of classical space and time in the universe. Given that the universe is a closed self-referential quantum automaton with a quantum register consisting of a vast number of elementary quantum subregisters, we find two distinct but intimately related causal sets. One of these is associated with the factorization and entanglement properties of states of the universe and encodes phenomena such as quantum correlations and violations of Bell-type inqualities. The concepts of separations and entanglements of states are used to show how state reduction dynamics generates the familial relationships which gives this causal set structure. The other causal set structure is generated by the factorization properties of the observables (the Hermitian operators) over the quantum register. The concept of skeleton sets of operators is used to show how the factorization properties of these operators could generate the classical causal set structures associated with Einstein locality.

Hans H. Diel

The enterprise to construct a local causal model of quantum theory (QT), including quantum field theory (QFT), resulted in the identification of "quantum objects" as the elementary units of causality and locality.Quantum objects are collections of particles (including single particles) whose collective dynamics and measurement results can only be described by the laws of QT/ QFT.Quantum objects run autonomously with system state update frequency based on their local proper time and with no or minimal dependency on external parameters.The autonomy of quantum objects necessitates well-defined causal interrelationships between quantum objects and spacetime: 1) Quantum objects are embedded in space and move within space.2) In the proposed causal model, the dynamics of space is triggered by the dynamics of the quantum objects.The causal model of QT/QFT assumes discretized spacetime similar to the spacetime of causal dynamical triangulation.