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Acta Physica Polonica A

Coherent Population Trapping in Open and Closed Systems

Laurentius Windholz

Published Feb 1, 2000• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the present paper, an overview on work concerning coherent population trapping within the hyperfine manifold of the sodium D1-line is given.Besides manifestation of coherent population trapping for different A-schemes, also phase dependent processes in closed contour systems (four-level double Λ-schemes) are discussed, including the case of phase dependent electromagnetically induced transparency.

DOI
10.12693/aphyspola.97.259

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Sep 1, 1997•13 citations
In the present paper, an overview on work concerning coherent population trapping within the hyperfine manifold of the sodium D1-line is given.Besides manifestation of coherent population trapping for different A-schemes, also phase dependent processes in closed contour systems (four-level double Λ-schemes) are discussed, including the case of phase dependent electromagnetically induced transparency.
There presented basic information on coherent population trapping (CPT) and related phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparence, ‘dark’ and ‘bright’ (anomalous absorption) states is presented. Spectrum transformation is considered in probe field spectroscopy for Λ-scheme in various settings. The close relation is revealed between the effect of CPT in the manifold of magnetic sublevels and the phenomenon of optical pumping (optical orientation and optical alignment). CPT is shown to be generalized to the case of several transitions with a common upper level and with the corresponding number of light fields each being in quasiresonance with its ‘own’ transition.
Phase-dependent coherent population trapping (CPT) was observed using a thermal Na atomic beam irradiated by four laser fields derived from two dye lasers. Investigations were made on Λ- and double Λ-systems created in the D 1 line, both with and without magnetic field that lifts degeneracy of the Zeeman sublevels. In all cases a sharp decrease of fluorescence intensity was observed for certain values of the relative phase of the light waves, indicating that the occurrence of CPT depends on this phase. The shape of the phase dependence as well as its behaviour with respect to laser intensity fits well theoretical predictions.
We consider the coherent population trapping phenomenon in a thermal sodium atomic beam. We compare the different coherent population trapping schemes that can be established on the D1 line using the Zeeman sublevels of a given ground hyperfine state. The coherent population trapping preparation is examined by means of a Hanle effect configuration. The efficiency of the coherent population trapping phenomenon has been examined in presence of optical pumping into hyperfine levels external to those of the excited transition. We show that both the contrast and the width of the coherent population trapping resonance strongly decrease when the optical pumping rate is increased. In the experiment, the loss rate due to optical pumping has been controlled by means of a laser repump of variable intensity.
We consider the coherent-population-trapping phenomenon in a thermal sodium atomic beam. We compare the different coherent-population-trapping schemes that can be established on the D1{\mathrm{D}}_{1}D1​ line using the Zeeman sublevels of a given ground hyperfine state. The coherent-population-trapping preparation is examined by means of a Hanle-effect configuration. The efficiency of the coherent-population-trapping phenomenon has been examined in presence of optical pumping into hyperfine levels external to those of the excited transition. We show that both the contrast and the width of the coherent population trapping resonance strongly decrease when the optical pumping rate is increased. In the experiment, the loss rate due to optical pumping has been controlled by means of a laser repump of variable intensity.
We consider the coherent-population-trapping (CPT) phenomenon in a sodium atomic vapor. The experiment leading to the first observation of CPT is revisited with an improved experimental setup and a larger range of magnetic-field strengths. From the analysis of the ground-state hyperfine splitting as a function of the applied magnetic field, we conclude that we have observed the whole spectrum of dark resonances within the D1 line corresponding to the nonabsorbing coherent superposition of two Zeeman sublevels of two different components of the 32S1/2 level. This was not obvious a priori because the transition probabilities at high magnetic-field strengths, as applied in the experiment, have to be taken into account. The differences in the contrast of the various black lines are explained in terms of pumpings outside the interaction scheme preparing the nonabsorbing state. Possible applications of CPT in high magnetic fields are discussed.