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New Technologies, Mobility and Security

On the security of quantum networks: a proposal framework and its capacity

Quoc‐Cuong Le, Patrick Bellot, Akim Demaille

Published Nov 12, 2007• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4020-6270-4_32

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The emergence of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of blockchain protocols, primarily due to the vulnerability of current cryptographic algorithms to quantum attacks. This vulnerability jeopardizes the integrity of data and assets stored on blockchain networks, which currently hold hundreds of billions of dollars in cryptocurrencies and other digital assets. To mitigate this risk, various proposals and solutions have been presented in the literature. However, most existing proposals are either theoretical, rely on large quantum key distribution (QKD) networks, or advocate for the development of new quantumresistant blockchain networks from scratch. Despite the understanding of the quantum threat and potential solutions, practical implementations are scarce. A recent survey paper addresses this gap by proposing an end-to-end framework for achieving postquantum resistance in existing blockchain networks. The framework, outlined in the survey, is compatible with Ethereum-based networks and offers practical solutions for key generation, secure communication between nodes, and transaction verification. Notably, the framework utilizes quantum entropy for key generation, and post-quantum TLS connections, and introduces post-quantum signatures in transactions. Additionally, it incorporates on-chain verification mechanisms using Solidity smart contracts and modified EVM Opcode. This chapter represents a significant contribution to the field by providing a comprehensive overview of existing solutions and proposing a practical framework for enhancing blockchain security against quantum threats.
The quantum Internet’s significance in information technology is increasingly recognized for its potential to enable secure and private communication. The quantum Internet facilitates the transmission of quantum information over extensive distances, thus unlocking novel possibilities in various applications. In this study we explore the quantum communication capacity within general quantum entangled networks. Leveraging von Neumann entropy, we show the capability of state transfer and information concentration across four-party networks, thereby characterizing the bipartite quantum communication capacity with the support of local operations and classical communications from other parties. We introduce unidirectional and bidirectional models, employing chain or star transferring network configurations, and extend these frameworks to encompass general quantum networks. Furthermore, we provide illustrative examples to underscore the implications of our findings. This research yields the initial nontrivial outcome concerning quantum communication capacity across general quantum networks, shedding light on the potential of quantum networks for advanced communication protocols.