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Trapped atom clock on a chip : identical spin rotation effects in an ultracold trapped atomic clock

Christian Deutsch

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
OpenAlex

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In this paper, we study the dynamics of a trapped atom interferometer with internal state labeling in the presence of interactions. We consider two situations: an atomic clock in which the internal states remain superposed, and an inertial sensor configuration in which they are separated. From the average spin evolution, we deduce the fringe contrast and the phase shift. In the clock configuration, we recover the well-known identical spin rotation effect (ISRE) which can significantly increase the spin coherence time. We also find that the magnitude of the effect depends on the trap geometry in a way that is consistent with our recent experimental results in a clock configuration [M. Dupont-Nivet, R. Demur, C. I. Westbrook, and S. Schwartz, New J. Phys. 20, 043051 (2018)], where ISRE was not observed. In the case of an inertial sensor, we show that despite the spatial separation it is still possible to increase the coherence time by using mean field interactions to counteract asymmetries of the trapping potential.
Using the platform of a trapped-atom clock on a chip, we have generated spin-squeezed states and observed their time evolution on unprecedented timescales, showing that metrological spin squeezing is preserved for one second. We observe up to 8.1(9) dB of metrological squeezing in a cloud of 2times1042times 10^42times104 ultracold alkali atoms by quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement in a fiber Fabry-Perot microcavity. The experiment also reveals a surprising amplification effect in the final cavity measurement of the spin state. It results from a subtle interplay between the cavity coupling and the spin dynamics originating from cold collisions. Spin dynamics such as these are an important factor in real atomic clocks that previous proof-of-principle squeezing experiments had not been able to address. Our results open up encouraging perspectives for squeezing-enhanced atomic clocks in a metrologically relevant stability regime.