Deceleration and trapping of polar molecules using time-varying electric fields
Hendrick L. Bethlem
What we experience as an agreeable temperature is in fact due to a constant bombardment of our skin by very fast molecules. At room temperature the average velocity of air molecules around us is about 500 m/s, corresponding to about 2000 km/hour. Only at very low temperatures, close to the absolute zero (0 K = -273.15 C), will the molecules come to rest. The high velocities at ordinary temperatures limit our ability to study the molecules. This thesis describes a method to slow down a beam of polar molecules using time-varying electric fields. When the molecules are decelerated to low velocities they will have insufficient kinetic energy to escape from the electric fields, and they will be trapped. In this way molecules can be stored and studied over long periods of time. This thesis is organized as follows: In chapter I the motivation for studying cold molecules is made more explicit, and an overview is given of other methods to cool molecules. In Chapter II the interaction between molecules and electric fields is outlined. In Chapter III and IV deceleration of a beam of metastable CO is presented, using molecules in states which are either repelled by, or attracted to high electric fields. Finally, in Chapter V ammonia molecules are brought to a standstill and subsequently held in an electrostatic trap
APS•Jan 1, 2002•3 citations