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Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena

Entanglement of mixed quantum states for qubits and qudit in double photoionization of atoms

M. Chakraborty, S. Sen

Published Jun 20, 2015• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.elspec.2015.05.021

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Quantum entanglement holds the key to a revolution in information processing.This paper investigates the entanglement characteristics of tripartite states of two electronic qubits and an ionic qubit produced by single-step double photoionization (DPI) from a Xeon atom after absorption of a single photon, without observing spin orbit interaction (SOI). DPI is the most natural processes for simultaneously producing two electrons in continuum in a single step. The dimension of the Hilbert space of the qudit depends upon the electronic state of the residual photoion Xe2+. Russel-Salunders coupling (L-S coupling) is applicable in absence of SOI. We consider Peres-Horodecki condition and negativity as an estimation of entanglement. With L-S coupling, all of the properties of a qubit-qudit system can be predicted simply by knowing the spins of the target atom, the residual photoion, the emitted electrons, and the polarisation state of incident photons.
Multidimensional quantum systems (qudits), as a generalization of two-level quantum systems (qubits), can exhibit distinct quantum properties, provide higher capacity and noise robustness in quantum communications. Qudits also offer higher efficiency and flexibility in quantum computing. Present paper studies the bipartite entanglement betwixt a molecular photoion (qudit) and photoelectron (qubit) produced in the photoionization from rotationally state selected, oriented polyatomic molecule without observing spin-orbit interaction (SOI). In absence of SOI, Russell-Saunders (RS) coupling is applicable. The dimension of ionic qudit depends on its electronic state. The degree of entanglement is quantified by the concurrence obtained from the elements of density matrix (EDM) for photoionization. The theoretical formulation for entanglement has been developed for photoionization of rotationally state selected, oriented C3v molecules. It is applied, as an example, to photoionization in 2 13a1 orbital of a state selected oriented CH3I in a pure JKJMJ rotational state. We find that the entanglement depends significantly on the rotational states of the molecule as well as either or both on the directions of molecular orientation, of spin quantization, and of the incident beam along with its polarization. A significant effect on entanglement properties due to the circular dichroism (CD) has also been observed.