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Quantum non-demolition measurements on thin film lithium niobate

Janot Vilaró Jolis

Published Jul 1, 2025• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Generation and manipulation of twin photons in a nonlinear waveguide fabricated in a thin film lithium niobate on insulator platform.

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Within the last decade, thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) has emerged as a leading integrated photonics platform with immediate applications in classical communications. Concurrently, TFLN components tailored to the requirements of photonic quantum information processing have also garnered considerable interest. Chief among these is the quasi-phase matched (QPM) nonlinear frequency mixer—implemented via periodic domain inversion in ferroelectric lithium niobate—which can be used to generate photon pairs, squeezed states of light, and to perform single photon frequency conversion. Here, we demonstrate progress towards realizing a spectrally separable photon pair source in lithium niobate via waveguide dispersion engineering—a technique uniquely enabled by sub-wavelength optical mode confinement in the thin-film platform. Subsequently, we design optimize a scalable fabrication process to produce QPM TFLN devices for applications that require strict adherence to a specified operating wavelength, such as quantum frequency conversion in a quantum communications network. Finally, we explore how high-performance electro-optic devices can be combined with these nonlinear optical devices to realize a multi-functional platform in which quantum states of light can be generated and manipulated within a single, compact photonic integrated circuit.
We introduce our design, simulation, and fabrication for cm-long waveguides and micro-ring resonators based on fully-etched thin-film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) incorporated with rare earth ions. We implant ytterbium ions (Yb3+) into the crystalline host and study their optical properties at 4 K temperature. We measure an intrinsic optical quality factor of higher than 2×106 after postimplantation annealing. We characterize the photoluminescence spectrum, lifetime, and absorption of Yb3+ ions. Incorporation of rare earth ions into LNOI as a crystalline and nonlinear photonic element may enable the development of multi-functional quantum photonic devices capable of generating, transducing, manipulating, and storing of quantum optical information.