As health information crosses from one healthcare domain or infrastructure to another, robust confidentiality, authentication, and integrity of the electronic medical records are crucial.This study aims to present a hybrid post-quantum encryption and authentication scheme for secure medical data exchange across the border using lattice-based encryption.The framework integrates a session-key establishment mechanism based on ML-KEM, AES-256-GCM for medical-data encryption, a digital signature scheme based on ML-DSA, integrity check based on hash function and identity-bound transaction metadata.It takes into account the mathematical security model involving key encapsulation, signature verification, adversarial advantage, communication overhead and processing cost.This shows that the proposed framework takes around 0.47ms for key encapsulation, 0.55ms for decapsulation and 0.94ms for digital signing, using simulation-based evaluation.The assumed end-to-end processing time is 83.91ms for a medical record of 50 MB, and the security related communication overhead falls off to about 0.011% when the size of the medical record increases.The results of the analysis show that quantum-resistant protection can be implemented with a moderate computational and communication overhead in crossborder healthcare settings.
As health information crosses from one healthcare domain or infrastructure to another, robust confidentiality, authentication, and integrity of the electronic medical records are crucial.This study aims to present a hybrid post-quantum encryption and authentication scheme for secure medical data exchange across the border using lattice-based encryption.The framework integrates a session-key establishment mechanism based on ML-KEM, AES-256-GCM for medical-data encryption, a digital signature scheme based on ML-DSA, integrity check based on hash function and identity-bound transaction metadata.It takes into account the mathematical security model involving key encapsulation, signature verification, adversarial advantage, communication overhead and processing cost.This shows that the proposed framework takes around 0.47ms for key encapsulation, 0.55ms for decapsulation and 0.94ms for digital signing, using simulation-based evaluation.The assumed end-to-end processing time is 83.91ms for a medical record of 50 MB, and the security related communication overhead falls off to about 0.011% when the size of the medical record increases.The results of the analysis show that quantum-resistant protection can be implemented with a moderate computational and communication overhead in crossborder healthcare settings.
The rapid adoption of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices enables real-time patient monitoring and remote diagnostics and has revolutionized healthcare delivery. Traditional cryptographic schemes like RSA and ECC, which rely on meaningful mathematical challenges, are under great threat from quantum computing, threatening sensitive medical data confidentiality and integrity. This paper proposes a quantum-resistant healthcare security framework based on lattice-based cryptographic primitives such as Learning With Errors (LWE), Ring-LWE (RLWE), and Short Integer Solution (SIS). To this end, we design a five-phase IoMT-friendly framework—Initialization, Registration, Authentication, Data Exchange, and Treatment—where each phase is backed up by lightweight cryptography primitives that can be easily implemented on the low-resource IoMT devices. Relative to the state-of-the-art lattice- and hash-based constructions, our framework involves 50-75% smaller ciphertext sizes, up to a 50% reduction of the communication overhead, and nearly 60% less in computational cost. Furthermore, the solution relies on zero-knowledge proofs, homomorphic encryption as well and attribute-based access control to guarantee strong security and privacy. Using the AVISPA tool, the framework is formally verified, showing its resistance against classical and quantum adversaries. Focusing on tangible healthcare threats, including data tampering and unlicensed access to patient diagnostics, this research paves the way for scalable, efficient, and quantum-resistant medical data protection. Our results pave the way for future investigations into secure post-quantum healthcare and IoT applications.
The growing reliance on digital communication has increased the importance of protecting transmitted information from tampering, forgery, and other security threats. At the same time, advances in quantum computing have raised concerns regarding the long-term security of traditional cryptographic mechanisms used for authentication and integrity verification. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a quantum-resilient data integrity verification framework that combines AES-GCM, SHA-256, Elliptic Curve Verifiable Random Functions (ECVRF), and the post-quantum signature scheme ML-DSA. In the proposed framework, encrypted data are associated with a cryptographic digest, a publicly verifiable proof, and a post-quantum digital signature before transmission. A prototype implementation was developed and evaluated through security, computational, and communication-overhead analyses. Experimental results showed that the framework successfully detected ciphertext modification, signature forgery, and replay attacks while maintaining the integrity and authenticity of transmitted data. The evaluation also indicated that ECVRF contributes the largest share of computational cost, whereas ML-DSA is responsible for most of the communication overhead due to its signature size. The findings demonstrate that the proposed framework can provide a practical combination of integrity verification, authenticity assurance, and quantum-resistant security for data transmission over untrusted networks.
The healthcare sector increasingly relies on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that integrate medical devices, networks, and digital records to deliver critical patient care. Protecting sensitive medical data within these interconnected systems is vital due to potential privacy violations and safety risks. The initiation of quantum computing poses substantial threats to traditional cryptographic algorithms, which underpin current healthcare data security. This article examines the deployment of quantum-safe cryptographic algorithms considered to resist quantum attacks, enabling robust protection of healthcare CPS. It highlights advanced encryption methods including lattice-based, hash-based, and code-based post-quantum schemes, alongside quantum key distribution (QKD) for secure key management. The discussion includes challenges related to healthcare-specific system constraints, regulatory compliance, and integration complexity. Through adopting quantum-resistant cryptography and comprehensive key management protocols, healthcare organizations can safeguard electronic health records (EHRs), device communication, and patient data against incipient post-quantum threats, ensuring long-term data confidentiality, integrity, and system resilience.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to current cryptographic standards, particularly those securing electronic health records (EHRs) in healthcare systems.Traditional encryption methods such as RSA, ECC, and AES, while robust against classical attacks, are vulnerable to quantum algorithms like Shor's and Grover's, which can efficiently break cryptographic keys and compromise patient data integrity.As healthcare systems become increasingly interconnected through the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud-based infrastructures, the need for quantum-resistant security mechanisms becomes paramount.Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) emerges as a viable solution to future-proof EHR security by employing lattice-based, hash-based, code-based, and multivariate polynomial cryptographic techniques that remain resistant to quantum attacks.This paper explores the implications of quantum computing on healthcare cybersecurity, emphasizing the vulnerabilities of existing encryption protocols and the necessity of transitioning toward PQC frameworks.Furthermore, we examine the integration of PQC within healthcare infrastructures, focusing on key exchange mechanisms, digital signatures, and end-to-end encryption for secure EHR transactions.Additionally, the study highlights regulatory and compliance considerations, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) PQC standardization efforts and the role of Zero Trust security models in mitigating quantum-era cyber risks.Case studies illustrate successful implementations of PQC in healthcare networks, demonstrating its feasibility and effectiveness in safeguarding sensitive medical information.By adopting quantum-resistant cryptographic standards, healthcare institutions can proactively defend against emerging cyber threats, ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and long-term resilience in the face of quantum computing advancements.
With the digitization and networking of medical and health data, intelligent medical devices are widely used to monitor patient health status and provide personalized medical services. However, these devices involve a large amount of personal health data and must ensure data security. The data security and privacy protection in the new complex network environment has become one of the important challenges in the field of healthcare. This study aims to propose a post quantum attribute based authentication key agreement protocol applicable to intelligent healthcare, to address the security risks and risks of medical data communication under traditional cryptographic systems. This new protocol is based on attribute authentication encryption technology without certificates on the grid, which completes mutual authentication and establishes secure communication through attribute and access control policies, and can optimize the deployment of certificate system components in public key infrastructure. Meanwhile, this scheme belongs to the post quantum cryptography protocol and has the ability to resist quantum computing attacks. Based on comprehensive analysis, this scheme can achieve certain advantages in execution efficiency and security, and can provide a more reliable choice for secure communication in the field of intelligent healthcare.
The rapid development of quantum computing presents a substantial threat to traditional cryptographic algorithms, particularly those relying on mathematical problems such as integer factorization and elliptic curve operations. As a response, the cryptographic community has accelerated the design of post-quantum cryptographic schemes that can withstand attacks from both classical and quantum computers. However, many of these new schemes exhibit inherent trade-offs between performance, key sizes, and implementation complexity. To address this, we propose a novel hybrid cryptographic framework tailored for secure and efficient data transmission in future quantum-aware environments. The proposed system combines three algorithmic paradigms: a lattice-based encryption method for fast and lightweight data protection, a hash-based signature mechanism for authenticity, and a code-based key exchange method to ensure session confidentiality. This layered integration is designed to capitalize on each algorithm’s strengths while mitigating individual limitations. The system is implemented using modular components in a testbed simulating real-world deployments, and its performance is benchmarked across multiple metrics including encryption latency, signature generation time, key sizes, and throughput. Comparative results indicate that the hybrid approach outperforms monolithic schemes in critical areas such as execution time and cryptographic strength under quantum adversary models. The findings support the practicality of using multiple post-quantum primitives in tandem to build robust communication systems. This research contributes a realistic implementation and evaluation of post-quantum security models and highlights key directions for future research and standardization efforts as the global transition to quantum-safe infrastructure begins.