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IEEE International Conference on Information, Communication and Networks (ICICN)

Modeling of Cyber-Attacks on Quantum Key Distribution-based Communication Systems

Yue Yu, Zimo Xu, Tao Xue

Published Sep 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/icicn71760.2026.11744934

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In quantum communication era, where quantum computing capabilities can be used in cyber attacks, it is important that Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which have limited energy and computing power compared to central devices, can communicate securely with control devices. In our study, we performed a simulation based on two scenarios for quantum key distribution (QKD) with the absence and presence of attack between server and IoT device. Security of communication for IoT device is achieved by detecting the attacks on QKD process with a machine learning (ML) algorithm. Unlike traditional cyber security methods, the ML algorithm helped to detect attacks with 100% probability without interrupting the flow of information between the server and the IoT device. The proposed simulation can also be generalised for being suitable for other applications where quantum communications are used.
As the digital front becomes our new frontier, and digital data becomes increasingly vulnerable to highly sophisticated cyber attacks, conventional encryption approaches may no longer be sufficient to withstand a quantum attack. The focus of this work is to deploy a simulation of the BB84 protocol, one of the first Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols developed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. The simulation involves two communicating parties, Alice and Bob, with Bob creating a secret keys generated cryptographically and sending it reliably over to Alice using quantum bits, or qubits. By leveraging quantum mechanics, this protocol ensures that any interception can be identified, thus bolstering both the integrity and confidentiality of the key exchange through scientists' understanding of superposition and the no-cloning principle. In the simulation, the potential of quantum communication to achieve secure key distribution over an insecure channel is demonstrated. Differently from traditional encryption protocols, QKD guarantees security not on computational but on physical basis. The aim of this paper is to show the feasibility and robustness of the BB84 protocol for actual cryptographic applications. This models the protocol between Alice and Bob, which paves the way for quantum-proof encryption systems and is a relevant step towards next generation cyber security.